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sentence 1
[===] lemma: [===] '(ornamental separator)'
form: residual
ʾazь lemma: az 'I'
form: 1sg.nom
pópa lemma: pop 'priest'
form: m.sg.gen/acc.anim
puno lemma: Punčo 'Punčo'
form: m.sg.nom
wt lemma: ot 'from'
form: preposition
selò lemma: selo 'village'
form: m.sg.nom/acc
mókrešь lemma: Mokreš 'Mokreš'
form: m.sg.nom/acc
napisáxь lemma: napiša 'write'
form: 1sg.aor (pf)
sïju lemma: sii 'this'
form: f.sg.acc
ʾistoríju lemma: istorija 'history, chronicle'
form: f.sg.acc
ʾizvést_no lemma: izvesten 'famous'
form: n.sg.nom/acc
radì lemma: radi 'for the sake of'
form: preposition
králwve lemma: kral 'king'
form: m.pl.nom
ʾi lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
cr͂ove lemma: car 'king, emperor'
form: m.pl.nom
[Foreword] I, Priest Puno from the village of Mokreš, wrote this chronicle about kings and emperors,
ka_ko+ lemma: kako 'how'
form: interrogative
su+ lemma: sъm 'be'
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
se lemma: se 'self'
form: refl.acc
bíli lemma: sъm 'be'
form: l-ptcp (ipf)
blьgare lemma: bъlgarin 'Bulgarian'
form: m.pl.nom
ʾi+ lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
grьci, lemma: grъk 'Greek'
form: m.pl.nom
how the Bulgars and Greeks had fought,
ʾi+ lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
posle lemma: posle 'afterwards'
form: adverb
wttьvnáxu lemma: otъvna 'take away'
form: 3pl.aor/impf (pf)
turci lemma: turčin 'Turk'
form: m.pl.nom
car_stvo lemma: carstvo 'kingdom'
form: n.sg.nom/acc
blь´gar͛skoe lemma: bъlgarski 'of Bulgaria'
form: n.sg.nom/acc.pron
vь lemma: v 'in'
form: preposition
leto lemma: lěto 'summer, year'
form: n.sg.nom/acc
*#ato* lemma: 1370 ''
form: alphabetic number
and (how) afterwards the Turks took the Kingdom of Bulgaria in the year 1370.
total elements: 31
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ROOT [===] azъ popa puno ot selo mokrešъ napisaxъ siju istoriju izvestno radi kralove i crove kako su se bili blъgare i grъci i posle ottъvnaxu turci carstvo blъgarъskoe vъ leto *#ato*
punct([===]-2, azъ-3)
nsubj(azъ-3, napisaxъ-9)
appos:p_nom(popa-4, azъ-3)
appos(puno-5, popa-4)
case(ot-6, selo-7)
nmod:abl(selo-7, azъ-3)
appos(mokrešъ-8, selo-7)
root(napisaxъ-9, ROOT)
det(siju-10, istoriju-11)
obj(istoriju-11, napisaxъ-9)
advmod(izvestno-12, napisaxъ-9)
case(radi-13, kralove-14)
nmod(kralove-14, istoriju-11)
cc(i-15, crove-16)
conj(crove-16, kralove-14)
mark(kako-17, bili-20)
aux:prf(su-18, bili-20)
expl(se-19, bili-20)
conj(bili-20, kralove-14)
nsubj(blъgare-21, bili-20)
cc(i-22, grъci-23)
conj(grъci-23, blъgare-21)
cc(i-24, ottъvnaxu-26)
advmod(posle-25, ottъvnaxu-26)
conj(ottъvnaxu-26, bili-20)
nsubj(turci-27, ottъvnaxu-26)
obj(carstvo-28, ottъvnaxu-26)
amod(blъgarъskoe-29, carstvo-28)
case(vъ-30, leto-31)
obl(leto-31, ottъvnaxu-26)
nummod(*#ato*-32, leto-31)[===]
[===]
lemma: [===] '(ornamental separator)' search
tag: X
form: residual
element 1
dependency: punct→2
ʾazь
azъ
lemma: az 'I' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
Annotation uses the following scheme, even if long and short forms can fulfill different syntactic functions: mene Pp1-sg, mi Pp1-sd, me Pp1-sa
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Pp1-sn
form: 1sg.nom
element 2
dependency: nsubj→8
pópa
popa
lemma: pop 'priest' SJS search
inflection: monosyllabic noun
tag: Nmsgy
form: m.sg.gen/acc.anim
element 3
dependency: appos:p_nom→2
puno
puno
lemma: Punčo 'Punčo' search
Likely a more familiar variant of authorʹs name.
inflection: jo-stem noun
suffixes: diminutive -ьčo
tag: Nmsny
form: m.sg.nom
element 4
dependency: appos→3
wt
ot
lemma: ot 'from' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS otъ
tag: Sg
form: preposition
element 5
dependency: case→6
selò
selo
lemma: selo 'village' SJS search
In CS with a broader meaning ʹfield, land, homestead, dwelling, tentʹ.
inflection: o-stem noun
tag: Nmsnn
form: m.sg.nom/acc
element 6
dependency: nmod:abl→2
mókrešь
mokrešъ
lemma: Mokreš 'Mokreš' search
Punčoʹs home village.
inflection: jo-stem noun
tag: Nmsnn
form: m.sg.nom/acc
element 7
dependency: appos→6
napisáxь
napisaxъ
lemma: napiša 'write' LOVe search
inflection: e-verb
prefixes: additive na-
tag: Vmia1se
form: 1sg.aor (pf)
element 8
dependency: root→0
sïju
siju
lemma: sii 'this' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS
inflection: soft stem pronominal
tag: Pd-fsa
form: f.sg.acc
element 9
dependency: det→10
ʾistoríju
istoriju
lemma: istorija 'history, chronicle' search
inflection: jā-stem noun
tag: Nfsan
form: f.sg.acc
element 10
dependency: obj→8
ʾizvést_no
izvestno
lemma: izvesten 'famous' search
CS izvěstьnъ ʹfamous, known, certainʹ
inflection: hard adjectival
prefixes: ablative iz-
suffixes: relational -ьn-
tag: Ansnn
form: n.sg.nom/acc
element 11
dependency: advmod→8
radì
radi
lemma: radi 'for the sake of' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
A postposition in CS.
tag: Sg
form: preposition
element 12
dependency: case→13
králwve
kralove
lemma: kral 'king' search
An alternative to knęz as the second highest secular title (ʹkingʹ). Paisius divides the Bulgarian rulers to krale ʹkingsʹ and care ʹemperorsʹ, going back to a story about ʺAsen the Greatʺ (actually Khan Tervel). Pagan rulers used titles arkhon or kanasubigi, later the Slavic kъnęźь. The title kralь was common in West Slavic area, and its use in the South is likely a later Hungarian influence.
inflection: jo-stem noun
suffixes: possessive -ьj-
tag: Nmpny
form: m.pl.nom
element 13
dependency: nmod→10
ʾi
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 14
dependency: cc→15
cr͂ove
crove
lemma: car 'king, emperor' SJS search
OCS cěsarь, commonly shortened already in oldest texts.
Punčo uses old jo- (pl.nom cari) or monosyllabic stem endings (carove), but elsewhere we can seen also old i-stem endings (carie). Modern BG uses -e taken from other paradigms. The oscillation between i- and jo-stem is also reflected in modern CS grammars (cf. Bončev 1952:16, Mironova 2010:52).
inflection: jo-stem noun
tag: Nmpny
form: m.pl.nom
element 15
dependency: conj→13
ka_ko+
kako
lemma: kako 'how' search
CS (also preferred by Punčo)
suffixes: n.sg.nom/acc -o
tag: Pq
form: interrogative
element 16
dependency: mark→19
su+
su
lemma: sъm 'be' SJS LOVe search
Used for most forms of the ʹbeʹ verb, including the (CS) infinitive byti, and excluding only perfective forms based on present stem bъda. In OCS, bъda is used also for the infinitive and other forms based on the aorist stem.
inflection: athematic
tag: Vaip3pi
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
element 17
dependency: aux:prf→19
se
se
lemma: se 'self' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS sę. The lemma is used for all forms of the reflexive pronoun. Annotation: sebe Px---g, si (and CS sebě) Px---d, se (or sę) Px---a, soboju (or sobojǫ) Px---i.
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Px---a
form: refl.acc
element 18
dependency: expl→19
bíli
bili
lemma: sъm 'be' SJS LOVe search
Used for most forms of the ʹbeʹ verb, including the (CS) infinitive byti, and excluding only perfective forms based on present stem bъda. In OCS, bъda is used also for the infinitive and other forms based on the aorist stem.
inflection: athematic
tag: Vmp--pi
form: l-ptcp (ipf)
element 19
dependency: conj→13
blьgare
blъgare
lemma: bъlgarin 'Bulgarian' search
Punčo uses both -e and -i as pl.nom forms (5 vs. 2 in first 20 chapters).
inflection: ethno-stem noun
suffixes: singulative -inъ
tag: Nmpny
form: m.pl.nom
element 20
dependency: nsubj→19
ʾi+
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 21
dependency: cc→22
grьci,
grъci
lemma: grъk 'Greek' search
inflection: o-stem noun
tag: Nmpny
form: m.pl.nom
element 22
dependency: conj→20
ʾi+
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 23
dependency: cc→25
posle
posle
lemma: posle 'afterwards' search
prefixes: delimitative po-
tag: R
form: adverb
element 24
dependency: advmod→25
wttьvnáxu
ottъvnaxu
lemma: otъvna 'take away' search
inflection: e-verb
prefixes: ablative otъ-
suffixes: perfective -nǫ-
tag: Vmii3pe
form: 3pl.aor/impf (pf)
element 25
dependency: conj→19
turci
turci
lemma: turčin 'Turk' search
inflection: ethno-stem noun
suffixes: singulative -inъ
tag: Nmpny
form: m.pl.nom
element 26
dependency: nsubj→25
car_stvo
carstvo
lemma: carstvo 'kingdom' search
inflection: o-stem noun
suffixes: abstract -ьstvo
tag: Nnsnn
form: n.sg.nom/acc
element 27
dependency: obj→25
blь´gar͛skoe
blъgarъskoe
lemma: bъlgarski 'of Bulgaria' search
inflection: hard adjectival
suffixes: relational -ьsk-
tag: Ansny
form: n.sg.nom/acc.pron
element 28
dependency: amod→27
vь
vъ
lemma: v 'in' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
inflection: with loc or acc
tag: Sl
form: preposition
element 29
dependency: case→30
leto
leto
lemma: lěto 'summer, year' search
inflection: o-stem noun
tag: Nnsnn
form: n.sg.nom/acc
element 30
dependency: obl→25
*#ato*
*#ato*
tag: Mc
form: alphabetic number
element 31
dependency: nummod→30