chapter view
sentence 129
zere lemma: zere 'as, because, in no way'
form: particle
ni+ lemma: ne 'no, not'
form: negation particle
moxesce lemma: moga 'can'
form: 2/3sg.impf (ipf)
da+ lemma: da 'to'
form: conjunction
mu lemma: toi 'he'
form: m.3sg.dat
ulezi lemma: ulěza 'enter'
form: 3sg.prs (pf)
u lemma: u 'at'
form: preposition
glava+ lemma: glava 'head'
form: f.sg.nom
ta lemma: tъ 'the'
form: f.sg.nom
od lemma: od 'from, of'
form: preposition
one lemma: onja 'that'
form: m.sg.nom
Eretik, lemma: eretik 'heretic'
form: m.sg.nom
as that heretic could not understand (ʺit couldn't come into his headʺ),
cak lemma: kak 'how'
form: interrogative
moxesce lemma: moga 'can'
form: 2/3sg.impf (ipf)
u lemma: u 'at'
form: preposition
jednò lemma: edin 'one'
form: n.sg.nom/acc
maninco lemma: malъk 'little'
form: n.sg.nom/acc
tarkal:ce lemma: tъrkalče 'loaf, host'
form: n.sg.nom/acc
da+ lemma: da 'to'
form: conjunction
se lemma: se 'self'
form: refl.acc
smesti lemma: sъmestja 'fit in'
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
how could one tiny little host include
ʒel, lemma: cěl 'whole, healthy'
form: m.sg.nom
i lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
xiu lemma: živ 'alive'
form: m.sg.nom
Gospodin lemma: Gospod 'Lord'
form: m.sg.nom
Bogh lemma: bog 'god'
form: m.sg.nom
Issukras. lemma: Isukrast 'Jesus Christ'
form: m.sg.nom
the whole living Lord God Jesus Christ
I lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
cak lemma: kak 'how'
form: interrogative
moxesce lemma: moga 'can'
form: 2/3sg.impf (ipf)
sas lemma: s 'with'
form: preposition
malco lemma: malko 'very little'
form: adverb
dumi, lemma: duma 'word'
form: f.pl.nom/acc
da+ lemma: da 'to'
form: conjunction
se lemma: se 'self'
form: refl.acc
leba+ lemma: xlěb 'bread'
form: m.sg.gen
alt.analysis: m.sg.def
t, lemma: tъ 'the'
form: m.sg.nom
i lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
vino+ lemma: vino 'wine'
form: n.sg.nom/acc
to lemma: tъ 'the'
form: n.sg.nom
and how could he change the bread and wine with a few words
na lemma: na 'on, to, for'
form: preposition
xivo lemma: živ 'alive'
form: n.sg.nom/acc
Telo, lemma: tělo 'body'
form: n.sg.nom/acc
i lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
krav lemma: krъv 'blood'
form: f.sg.nom
od lemma: od 'from, of'
form: preposition
Boga lemma: bog 'god'
form: m.sg.gen/acc.anim
stanal lemma: stana 'become, stand up'
form: l-ptcp (pf)
alt.analysis: m.sg.nom
cilek. lemma: čilěk 'human'
form: m.sg.nom
to the living Body and Blood of God becoming human
total elements: 50
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ROOT zere ni možeše da mu ulezi u glava ta od one Eretik kak možeše u jedno maninko tarkalče da se smesti cel i žiu Gospodin Bog Issukras I kak možeše sas malko dumi da se priubarni leba t i vino to na živo Telo i krav od Boga stanal čilek
advmod(zere-2, možeše-4)
advmod(ni-3, možeše-4)
aux(možeše-4, ulezi-7)
fixed:inf(da-5, možeše-4)
obl:iobj(mu-6, ulezi-7)
root(ulezi-7, ROOT)
case(u-8, glava-9)
obl:lat(glava-9, ulezi-7)
det:p_nom(ta-10, glava-9)
case(od-11, Eretik-13)
det:ext(one-12, Eretik-13)
nmod:poss(Eretik-13, glava-9)
mark(kak-14, smesti-22)
aux(možeše-15, smesti-22)
case(u-16, tarkalče-19)
det(jedno-17, tarkalče-19)
amod(maninko-18, tarkalče-19)
obl:lat(tarkalče-19, smesti-22)
fixed(da-20, možeše-15)
expl(se-21, smesti-22)
advcl(smesti-22, ulezi-7)
amod(cel-23, Gospodin-26)
cc(i-24, žiu-25)
conj(žiu-25, cel-23)
nsubj(Gospodin-26, smesti-22)
appos(Bog-27, Gospodin-26)
appos(Issukras-28, Bog-27)
cc(I-29, priubarni-37)
mark(kak-30, priubarni-37)
aux(možeše-31, dumi-34)
case(sas-32, dumi-34)
amod(malko-33, dumi-34)
obl(dumi-34, priubarni-37)
fixed:inf(da-35, možeše-31)
expl(se-36, priubarni-37)
conj(priubarni-37, smesti-22)
nsubj(leba-38, priubarni-37)
det:p_nom(t-39, leba-38)
cc(i-40, vino-41)
conj(vino-41, leba-38)
det:p_nom(to-42, vino-41)
case(na-43, Telo-45)
amod(živo-44, Telo-45)
obl:lat(Telo-45, priubarni-37)
cc(i-46, krav-47)
conj(krav-47, Telo-45)
case(od-48, Boga-49)
nmod:poss(Boga-49, Telo-45)
acl(stanal-50, Boga-49)
obl:pred(čilek-51, stanal-50)zere
zere
lemma: zere 'as, because, in no way' search
Carskiʹs word. Mauricio: Zer ʹsiʹ. BAN I 636: zer, zere ʹkak ne, nimaʹ, zerja ʹzaštoto, ponežeʹ (Debъrsko), zerem ʹkato če liʹ (Kukuš) < tr. zira < per. zira
tag: Qg
form: particle
element 1
dependency: advmod→3
ni+
ni
lemma: ne 'no, not' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: Qz
form: negation particle
element 2
dependency: advmod→3
moxesce
možeše
lemma: moga 'can' SJS LOVe search
CS mošti. If used as an auxiliary verb, the main verb is in infinitive or in da-construction (cf. Mirčev 1978:235).
inflection: e-verb
tag: Vaii3si
form: 2/3sg.impf (ipf)
element 3
dependency: aux→6
da+
da
lemma: da 'to' search
See the Reference Grammar for more details on the use of its function.
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 4
dependency: fixed:inf→3
mu
mu
lemma: toi 'he' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
Also used for m3sg personal pronoun based on the root *j-. Annotation of oblique forms: nego Pp3msg, nemu or mu Pp3msd, go Pp3msa
Punčo prefers on as the m.3sg.nom form.
inflection: nominal pronoun
suffixes: demonstrative -j-
tag: Pp3msd
form: m.3sg.dat
element 5
dependency: obl:iobj→6
ulezi
ulezi
lemma: ulěza 'enter' LOVe search
A dialectal variant of BG vlěza.
inflection: e-verb
prefixes: allative u-
tag: Vmip3se
form: 3sg.prs (pf)
element 6
dependency: root→0
u
u
lemma: u 'at' search
tag: Sa
form: preposition
element 7
dependency: case→8
glava+
glava
lemma: glava 'head' search
inflection: ā-stem noun
tag: Nfsnn
form: f.sg.nom
element 8
dependency: obl:lat→6
ta
ta
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-fsn
form: f.sg.nom
element 9
dependency: det:p_nom→8
od
od
lemma: od 'from, of' search
Variant of ot, commonly used by Carski (and in MK).
prefixes: circumlative ob-
tag: Sg
form: preposition
element 10
dependency: case→12
one
one
lemma: onja 'that' search
Used if the -ja suffix is present.
inflection: hard stem pronominal
suffixes: demonstrative -ja
tag: Pd-msn
form: m.sg.nom
element 11
dependency: det:ext→12
Eretik,
Eretik
lemma: eretik 'heretic' search
inflection: o-stem noun
tag: Nmsny
form: m.sg.nom
element 12
dependency: nmod:poss→8
cak
kak
lemma: kak 'how' search
CS kakъ is used mostly adnominally with the meaning ʹwhat kind ofʹ (as BG kakъv; RBE: histdict). Modern (and also "simple") BG kak is used as CS kako.
tag: Pq
form: interrogative
element 13
dependency: mark→21
moxesce
možeše
lemma: moga 'can' SJS LOVe search
CS mošti. If used as an auxiliary verb, the main verb is in infinitive or in da-construction (cf. Mirčev 1978:235).
inflection: e-verb
tag: Vaii3si
form: 2/3sg.impf (ipf)
element 14
dependency: aux→21
u
u
lemma: u 'at' search
tag: Sg
form: preposition
element 15
dependency: case→18
jednò
jedno
lemma: edin 'one' search
Actually a cardinal numeral (Ml), often used as an indefinite pronoun too.
inflection: hard adjectival
suffixes: singulative -inъ
tag: Ansnn
form: n.sg.nom/acc
element 16
dependency: det→18
maninco
maninko
lemma: malъk 'little' LOVe search
inflection: hard adjectival
tag: Ansnn
form: n.sg.nom/acc
element 17
dependency: amod→18
tarkal:ce
tarkalče
lemma: tъrkalče 'loaf, host' search
Carski: jedno maninco tarkalce. Now likely denoting a kind of cake (link).
inflection: nt-stem noun
suffixes: l-ptcp -l-, diminutive -ъčę
tag: Nnsnn
form: n.sg.nom/acc
element 18
dependency: obl:lat→21
da+
da
lemma: da 'to' search
See the Reference Grammar for more details on the use of its function.
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 19
dependency: fixed→14
se
se
lemma: se 'self' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS sę. The lemma is used for all forms of the reflexive pronoun. Annotation: sebe Px---g, si (and CS sebě) Px---d, se (or sę) Px---a, soboju (or sobojǫ) Px---i.
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Px---a
form: refl.acc
element 20
dependency: expl→21
smesti
smesti
lemma: sъmestja 'fit in' search
inflection: i-verb
prefixes: delative sъ-
tag: Vmip3si
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
element 21
dependency: advcl→6
ʒel,
cel
lemma: cěl 'whole, healthy' search
inflection: hard adjectival
tag: Amsnn
form: m.sg.nom
element 22
dependency: amod→25
i
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 23
dependency: cc→24
xiu
žiu
lemma: živ 'alive' search
inflection: hard adjectival
tag: Amsnn
form: m.sg.nom
element 24
dependency: conj→22
Gospodin
Gospodin
lemma: Gospod 'Lord' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
Endings commonly used by Punčo (gda, gdu) are typical of o-stems. OCS Gospodь was originally an i-stem, what is still reflected on the vocative g-di (cf. Lunt 2001:75). Older sg.gen gospodně (often abbreviated gdně) indicate influence of n-stems like dьnь. These are handled as a sg.gen soft-stem possessive adjectives (lemma Gospoden).
inflection: irregular
tag: Nmsny
form: m.sg.nom
element 25
dependency: nsubj→21
Bogh
Bog
lemma: bog 'god' SJS search
inflection: monosyllabic noun
tag: Nmsny
form: m.sg.nom
element 26
dependency: appos→25
Issukras.
Issukras
lemma: Isukrast 'Jesus Christ' search
Carski: Issukras, dep. form Issukrasta. Likely showing Bosnian phonetics, also found in the Abagar
inflection: o-stem noun
tag: Nmsny
form: m.sg.nom
element 27
dependency: appos→26
I
I
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 28
dependency: cc→36
cak
kak
lemma: kak 'how' search
CS kakъ is used mostly adnominally with the meaning ʹwhat kind ofʹ (as BG kakъv; RBE: histdict). Modern (and also "simple") BG kak is used as CS kako.
tag: Pq
form: interrogative
element 29
dependency: mark→36
moxesce
možeše
lemma: moga 'can' SJS LOVe search
CS mošti. If used as an auxiliary verb, the main verb is in infinitive or in da-construction (cf. Mirčev 1978:235).
inflection: e-verb
tag: Vaii3si
form: 2/3sg.impf (ipf)
element 30
dependency: aux→33
sas
sas
lemma: s 'with' search
tag: Si
form: preposition
element 31
dependency: case→33
malco
malko
lemma: malko 'very little' search
tag: R
form: adverb
element 32
dependency: amod→33
dumi,
dumi
lemma: duma 'word' search
inflection: ā-stem noun
tag: Nfpnn
form: f.pl.nom/acc
element 33
dependency: obl→36
da+
da
lemma: da 'to' search
See the Reference Grammar for more details on the use of its function.
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 34
dependency: fixed:inf→30
se
se
lemma: se 'self' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS sę. The lemma is used for all forms of the reflexive pronoun. Annotation: sebe Px---g, si (and CS sebě) Px---d, se (or sę) Px---a, soboju (or sobojǫ) Px---i.
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Px---a
form: refl.acc
element 35
dependency: expl→36
priubarni
priubarni
lemma: preobъrna 'turn over' search
inflection: e-verb
prefixes: perlative prě-, circumlative ob-
suffixes: perfective -nǫ-
tag: Vmip3se
form: 3sg.prs (pf)
element 36
dependency: conj→21
leba+
leba
lemma: xlěb 'bread' SJS search
CS xlěbъ (o-stem)
inflection: monosyllabic noun
tag: Nmsgn or Nmson
form: m.sg.gen or m.sg.def
element 37
dependency: nsubj→36
t,
t
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-msn
form: m.sg.nom
element 38
dependency: det:p_nom→37
i
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 39
dependency: cc→40
vino+
vino
lemma: vino 'wine' search
inflection: o-stem noun
tag: Nnsnn
form: n.sg.nom/acc
element 40
dependency: conj→37
to
to
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-nsn
form: n.sg.nom
element 41
dependency: det:p_nom→40
na
na
lemma: na 'on, to, for' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
In OCS also ʹagainstʹ (with acc). The dative-like meaning ʹforʹ is attested from the 14th c. onwards.
tag: Sa
form: preposition
element 42
dependency: case→44
xivo
živo
lemma: živ 'alive' search
inflection: hard adjectival
tag: Ansnn
form: n.sg.nom/acc
element 43
dependency: amod→44
Telo,
Telo
lemma: tělo 'body' search
inflection: s-stem noun
tag: Nnsnn
form: n.sg.nom/acc
element 44
dependency: obl:lat→36
i
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 45
dependency: cc→46
krav
krav
lemma: krъv 'blood' SJS search
OCS kry or krъvь shows both i- (e.g. pl.inst krъvъmi in Ps 105:38) and ū-stem (sg.gen krъve, common in Gospels) endings.
inflection: i-stem noun
tag: Nfsnn
form: f.sg.nom
element 46
dependency: conj→44
od
od
lemma: od 'from, of' search
Variant of ot, commonly used by Carski (and in MK).
prefixes: circumlative ob-
tag: Sg
form: preposition
element 47
dependency: case→48
Boga
Boga
lemma: bog 'god' SJS search
inflection: monosyllabic noun
tag: Nmsgy
form: m.sg.gen/acc.anim
element 48
dependency: nmod:poss→44
stanal
stanal
lemma: stana 'become, stand up' SJS SNSP Miklosich LOVe search
CS stati, 1sg.prs stanǫ, 2sg staneši
inflection: e-verb
suffixes: perfective -nǫ-
tag: Vmp--se or Amsnn
form: l-ptcp (pf) or m.sg.nom
element 49
dependency: acl→48
cilek.
čilek
lemma: čilěk 'human' search
A dialectal variant of čovek, človek etc. Used commonly by Carski (Mauricio: Cilek ʹuomoʹ).
inflection: o-stem noun
tag: Nmsny
form: m.sg.nom
element 50
dependency: obl:pred→49