chapter view
sentence 102
oti˖ lemma: oti 'because'
form: conjunction
bь lemma: Bog ''
form: m.sg.nom
satvorì lemma: sъtvorja 'create, do'
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
člwvéka˖ lemma: člověk ''
form: m.sg.gen/acc.anim
te lemma: tъ 'the'
form: m.pl.nom
na˖ lemma: na 'on, to, for'
form: preposition
toja lemma: toja 'that'
form: m.sg.nom
svetь lemma: svět 'world, light'
form: m.sg.nom/acc
zamь lemma: zam ''
form: conjunction
da˖ lemma: da 'to'
form: conjunction
rá_botatь lemma: rabotja 'work'
form: 3pl.prs (ipf)
onája˖ lemma: onja 'that'
form: f.sg.nom
rábota lemma: rabota 'work, thing, matter'
form: f.sg.nom
for God created a man in this world to work on his due
deto˖ lemma: deto 'which'
form: relative
xi˖ lemma: tě 'they'
form: 3pl.gen/acc (short)
e lemma: sъm 'be'
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
dá_denw lemma: dam 'give'
form: ptcp.aor.pass (pf)
alt.analysis: n.sg.nom/acc
sákimu lemma: vsěki 'every'
form: m.sg.dat.pron
sproti lemma: sproti 'against'
form: preposition
zanájata lemma: zanajat 'profession'
form: m.sg.gen/acc.anim
which is given to him according to his profession
kato lemma: kato 'as'
form: conjunction
edínь lemma: edin 'one'
form: m.sg.nom
cárь lemma: car 'king, emperor'
form: m.sg.nom
deto lemma: deto 'which'
form: relative
nacány lemma: nacěnja ''
form: 3sg.prs (pf)
sákakvi lemma: vsěkakъv 'any'
form: m.pl.nom
rabotnïci lemma: rabotnik 'worker'
form: m.pl.nom
u˖ lemma: u 'at'
form: preposition
dumь˖ lemma: dom 'house'
form: m.sg.nom/acc
tʹ˖ lemma: tъ 'the'
form: m.sg.nom
mu lemma: toi 'he'
form: m.3sg.dat
as a king who pays various workers (to work) in his house
zamь lemma: zam ''
form: conjunction
da˖ lemma: da 'to'
form: conjunction
se lemma: se 'self'
form: refl.acc
ispьlʹny lemma: izpъlnja 'fill'
form: 3sg.prs (pf)
saràja˖ lemma: sarai ''
form: m.sg.gen
t˖ lemma: tъ 'the'
form: m.sg.nom
mu lemma: toi 'he'
form: m.3sg.dat
so that his palace is full
i˖ lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
dá˖ lemma: da 'to'
form: conjunction
ráboti lemma: rabotja 'work'
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
sáki lemma: vsěki 'every'
form: m.pl.nom.pron
onová lemma: onova 'that'
form: n.sg.nom
deto˖ lemma: deto 'which'
form: relative
znáe lemma: znaja 'know'
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
and so that everybody works what he can
dá˖ lemma: da 'to'
form: conjunction
rečemь lemma: reka 'say'
form: 1pl.prs (pf)
onája˖ lemma: onja 'that'
form: f.sg.nom
ra_bota lemma: rabota 'work, thing, matter'
form: f.sg.nom
deto˖ lemma: deto 'which'
form: relative
e lemma: sъm 'be'
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
dostoenь lemma: dostoen 'worthy'
form: m.sg.nom
let's say, the work he is worthy of him
total elements: 52
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ROOT oti bъ satvori človeka te na toja svetъ zamъ da rabotatъ onaja rabota deto xi e dadeno sakimu sproti zanajata kato edinъ carъ deto nacani sakakvi rabotnici u dumъ tъ mu zamъ da se ispъlъni saraja t mu i da raboti saki onova deto znae da rečemъ onaja rabota deto e dostoenъ
cc(oti-2, satvori-4)
nsubj(bъ-3, satvori-4)
root(satvori-4, ROOT)
obj(človeka-5, satvori-4)
det:p_nom(te-6, človeka-5)
case(na-7, svetъ-9)
det:ext(toja-8, svetъ-9)
obl:loc(svetъ-9, satvori-4)
mark(zamъ-10, rabotatъ-12)
fixed(da-11, zamъ-10)
advcl(rabotatъ-12, satvori-4)
det:ext(onaja-13, rabota-14)
obj(rabota-14, rabotatъ-12)
mark(deto-15, dadeno-18)
obj(xi-16, dadeno-18)
aux:pass(e-17, dadeno-18)
acl(dadeno-18, rabota-14)
obl:iobj(sakimu-19, dadeno-18)
case(sproti-20, zanajata-21)
obl(zanajata-21, dadeno-18)
mark(kato-22, carъ-24)
det(edinъ-23, carъ-24)
acl(carъ-24, bъ-3)
mark(deto-25, nacani-26)
acl(nacani-26, carъ-24)
amod(sakakvi-27, rabotnici-28)
obj(rabotnici-28, nacani-26)
case(u-29, dumъ-30)
obl:loc(dumъ-30, nacani-26)
det:p_nom(tъ-31, dumъ-30)
nmod:poss(mu-32, dumъ-30)
mark(zamъ-33, ispъlъni-36)
fixed(da-34, zamъ-33)
expl(se-35, ispъlъni-36)
advcl(ispъlъni-36, nacani-26)
csubj(saraja-37, ispъlъni-36)
det:p_nom(t-38, saraja-37)
nmod:poss(mu-39, saraja-37)
cc(i-40, raboti-42)
mark(da-41, raboti-42)
conj(raboti-42, ispъlъni-36)
csubj(saki-43, raboti-42)
obj:ext(onova-44, raboti-42)
mark(deto-45, znae-46)
acl(znae-46, onova-44)
aux:opt(da-47, rečemъ-48)
discourse(rečemъ-48, rabota-50)
det:ext(onaja-49, rabota-50)
appos(rabota-50, onova-44)
mark(deto-51, dostoenъ-53)
cop(e-52, dostoenъ-53)
acl(dostoenъ-53, rabota-50)oti˖
oti
lemma: oti 'because' search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 1
dependency: cc→3
bь
bъ
tag: Nmsny
form: m.sg.nom
element 2
dependency: nsubj→3
satvorì
satvori
lemma: sъtvorja 'create, do' SJS SNSP Miklosich LOVe search
inflection: i-verb
prefixes: delative sъ-
tag: Vmia3se
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
element 3
dependency: root→0
člwvéka˖
človeka
tag: Nmsgy
form: m.sg.gen/acc.anim
element 4
dependency: obj→3
te
te
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-mpn
form: m.pl.nom
element 5
dependency: det:p_nom→4
na˖
na
lemma: na 'on, to, for' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
In OCS also ʹagainstʹ (with acc). The dative-like meaning ʹforʹ is attested from the 14th c. onwards.
tag: Sl
form: preposition
element 6
dependency: case→8
toja
toja
lemma: toja 'that' search
The basic form reflects m.sg.nom, but the lemma also covers f.sg.nom taja (Pd-fsn), f.sg.acc tuju (Pd-fsa) and pl.nom tija (Pd--pa).
inflection: hard stem pronominal
suffixes: demonstrative -j-
tag: Pd-msn
form: m.sg.nom
element 7
dependency: det:ext→8
svetь
svetъ
lemma: svět 'world, light' search
inflection: o-stem noun
tag: Nmsnn
form: m.sg.nom/acc
element 8
dependency: obl:loc→3
zamь
zamъ
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 9
dependency: mark→11
da˖
da
lemma: da 'to' search
See the Reference Grammar for more details on the use of its function.
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 10
dependency: fixed→9
rá_botatь
rabotatъ
lemma: rabotja 'work' SJS LOVe search
inflection: i-verb
suffixes: abstract -ota, causative -i-
tag: Vmip3pi
form: 3pl.prs (ipf)
element 11
dependency: advcl→3
onája˖
onaja
lemma: onja 'that' search
Used if the -ja suffix is present.
inflection: hard stem pronominal
suffixes: demonstrative -ja
tag: Pd-fsn
form: f.sg.nom
element 12
dependency: det:ext→13
rábota
rabota
lemma: rabota 'work, thing, matter' LOVe search
inflection: ā-stem noun
suffixes: abstract -ota
tag: Nfsnn
form: f.sg.nom
element 13
dependency: obj→11
deto˖
deto
lemma: deto 'which' search
A common relative pronoun based on kъde-to ʹwhereʹ.
tag: Pr
form: relative
element 14
dependency: mark→17
xi˖
xi
lemma: tě 'they' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
Also used for 3pl personal pronoun based on the root *j-. Annotation of oblique forms: těx Pp3-pg, im or mgi Pp3-pd, gi or ix Pp3-pa
Punčo prefers oni as pl.nom form.
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Pp3-pa
form: 3pl.gen/acc (short)
element 15
dependency: obj→17
e
e
lemma: sъm 'be' SJS LOVe search
Used for most forms of the ʹbeʹ verb, including the (CS) infinitive byti, and excluding only perfective forms based on present stem bъda. In OCS, bъda is used also for the infinitive and other forms based on the aorist stem.
inflection: athematic
tag: Vaip3si
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
element 16
dependency: aux:pass→17
dá_denw
dadeno
lemma: dam 'give' SJS SNSP Miklosich LOVe search
Punčo: 1sg.prs dademь, 3sg dade. If used as an auxiliary verb, the main verb is in infinitive or in da-construction (cf. Mirčev 1978:235)
inflection: athematic
tag: Vmpa-se or Ansnn
form: ptcp.aor.pass (pf) or n.sg.nom/acc
element 17
dependency: acl→13
sákimu
sakimu
lemma: vsěki 'every' search
CS vьsěkъ (or vьsjakъ)
inflection: hard pronominal
prefixes: encompassive vьse-
suffixes: manner -jak-
tag: Amsdy
form: m.sg.dat.pron
element 18
dependency: obl:iobj→17
sproti
sproti
lemma: sproti 'against' search
tag: Sd
form: preposition
element 19
dependency: case→20
zanájata
zanajata
lemma: zanajat 'profession' search
inflection: o-stem noun
tag: Nmsgy
form: m.sg.gen/acc.anim
element 20
dependency: obl→17
kato
kato
lemma: kato 'as' search
suffixes: demonstrative -to
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 21
dependency: mark→23
edínь
edinъ
lemma: edin 'one' search
Actually a cardinal numeral (Ml), often used as an indefinite pronoun too.
inflection: hard adjectival
suffixes: singulative -inъ
tag: Amsnn
form: m.sg.nom
element 22
dependency: det→23
cárь
carъ
lemma: car 'king, emperor' SJS search
OCS cěsarь, commonly shortened already in oldest texts.
Punčo uses old jo- (pl.nom cari) or monosyllabic stem endings (carove), but elsewhere we can seen also old i-stem endings (carie). Modern BG uses -e taken from other paradigms. The oscillation between i- and jo-stem is also reflected in modern CS grammars (cf. Bončev 1952:16, Mironova 2010:52).
inflection: jo-stem noun
tag: Nmsny
form: m.sg.nom
element 23
dependency: acl→2
deto
deto
lemma: deto 'which' search
A common relative pronoun based on kъde-to ʹwhereʹ.
tag: Pr
form: relative
element 24
dependency: mark→25
nacány
nacani
tag: Vmip3se
form: 3sg.prs (pf)
element 25
dependency: acl→23
sákakvi
sakakvi
lemma: vsěkakъv 'any' search
inflection: hard adjectival
prefixes: encompassive vьse-
suffixes: demonstrative -v-
tag: Ampnn
form: m.pl.nom
element 26
dependency: amod→27
rabotnïci
rabotnici
lemma: rabotnik 'worker' search
inflection: o-stem noun
suffixes: abstract -ota, agent -ьnikъ
tag: Nmpny
form: m.pl.nom
element 27
dependency: obj→25
u˖
u
lemma: u 'at' search
tag: Sg
form: preposition
element 28
dependency: case→29
dumь˖
dumъ
lemma: dom 'house' SJS search
A u-stem in CS. The form (u) doma is tagged as sg.gen, likely showing a generalized o-stem ending. The nominal form in OCS was domu - but already besides adverbial doma (SJS: link). Olander (2015:173) mentions interpretations of the form as an irregular sg.loc, maybe an old allative (Fortson 2004:105) reinterpreted as static location?
inflection: monosyllabic noun
tag: Nmsnn
form: m.sg.nom/acc
element 29
dependency: obl:loc→25
tʹ˖
tъ
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-msn
form: m.sg.nom
element 30
dependency: det:p_nom→29
mu
mu
lemma: toi 'he' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
Also used for m3sg personal pronoun based on the root *j-. Annotation of oblique forms: nego Pp3msg, nemu or mu Pp3msd, go Pp3msa
Punčo prefers on as the m.3sg.nom form.
inflection: nominal pronoun
suffixes: demonstrative -j-
tag: Pp3msd
form: m.3sg.dat
element 31
dependency: nmod:poss→29
zamь
zamъ
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 32
dependency: mark→35
da˖
da
lemma: da 'to' search
See the Reference Grammar for more details on the use of its function.
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 33
dependency: fixed→32
se
se
lemma: se 'self' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS sę. The lemma is used for all forms of the reflexive pronoun. Annotation: sebe Px---g, si (and CS sebě) Px---d, se (or sę) Px---a, soboju (or sobojǫ) Px---i.
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Px---a
form: refl.acc
element 34
dependency: expl→35
ispьlʹny
ispъlъni
lemma: izpъlnja 'fill' LOVe search
CS isplъniti
inflection: i-verb
prefixes: ablative iz-
tag: Vmip3se
form: 3sg.prs (pf)
element 35
dependency: advcl→25
saràja˖
saraja
tag: Nmsgn
form: m.sg.gen
element 36
dependency: csubj→35
t˖
t
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-msn
form: m.sg.nom
element 37
dependency: det:p_nom→36
mu
mu
lemma: toi 'he' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
Also used for m3sg personal pronoun based on the root *j-. Annotation of oblique forms: nego Pp3msg, nemu or mu Pp3msd, go Pp3msa
Punčo prefers on as the m.3sg.nom form.
inflection: nominal pronoun
suffixes: demonstrative -j-
tag: Pp3msd
form: m.3sg.dat
element 38
dependency: nmod:poss→36
i˖
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 39
dependency: cc→41
dá˖
da
lemma: da 'to' search
See the Reference Grammar for more details on the use of its function.
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 40
dependency: mark→41
ráboti
raboti
lemma: rabotja 'work' SJS LOVe search
inflection: i-verb
suffixes: abstract -ota, causative -i-
tag: Vmip3si
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
element 41
dependency: conj→35
sáki
saki
lemma: vsěki 'every' search
CS vьsěkъ (or vьsjakъ)
inflection: hard pronominal
prefixes: encompassive vьse-
suffixes: manner -jak-
tag: Ampny
form: m.pl.nom.pron
element 42
dependency: csubj→41
onová
onova
lemma: onova 'that' search
Used if -va suffix is present (i.e. also for m.sg onomuva, onogova).
inflection: hard stem pronominal
suffixes: demonstrative -va
tag: Pd-nsn
form: n.sg.nom
element 43
dependency: obj:ext→41
deto˖
deto
lemma: deto 'which' search
A common relative pronoun based on kъde-to ʹwhereʹ.
tag: Pr
form: relative
element 44
dependency: mark→45
znáe
znae
lemma: znaja 'know' SJS SNSP Miklosich LOVe search
Punčo prefers the athematic 1sg.prs form znamь.
inflection: e-verb
tag: Vmip3si
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
element 45
dependency: acl→43
dá˖
da
lemma: da 'to' search
See the Reference Grammar for more details on the use of its function.
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 46
dependency: aux:opt→47
rečemь
rečemъ
lemma: reka 'say' SJS SNSP Miklosich LOVe search
CS rešti, 1sg.prs rekǫ, 2sg rečeši, 1sg.aor rěxъ, 2sg reče. Considered biaspectual in SJS/SNSP because of common use in present participles (Kamphuis 2016:219, link). Tagged as perfective in OCS too, because of contrast to glagolati.
inflection: e-verb
tag: Vmip1pe
form: 1pl.prs (pf)
element 47
dependency: discourse→49
onája˖
onaja
lemma: onja 'that' search
Used if the -ja suffix is present.
inflection: hard stem pronominal
suffixes: demonstrative -ja
tag: Pd-fsn
form: f.sg.nom
element 48
dependency: det:ext→49
ra_bota
rabota
lemma: rabota 'work, thing, matter' LOVe search
inflection: ā-stem noun
suffixes: abstract -ota
tag: Nfsnn
form: f.sg.nom
element 49
dependency: appos→43
deto˖
deto
lemma: deto 'which' search
A common relative pronoun based on kъde-to ʹwhereʹ.
tag: Pr
form: relative
element 50
dependency: mark→52
e
e
lemma: sъm 'be' SJS LOVe search
Used for most forms of the ʹbeʹ verb, including the (CS) infinitive byti, and excluding only perfective forms based on present stem bъda. In OCS, bъda is used also for the infinitive and other forms based on the aorist stem.
inflection: athematic
tag: Vaip3si
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
element 51
dependency: cop→52
dostoenь
dostoenъ
lemma: dostoen 'worthy' search
CS dostoinъ - the CS spelling is preferred by Punčo too. Verb dostojati has a different meaning, expressing obligation (Miklosich: ʹdein, oportereʹ).
inflection: hard adjectival
prefixes: final do-
suffixes: relational -ьn-
tag: Amsnn
form: m.sg.nom
element 52
dependency: acl→49