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sentence 18
ʾi+ lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
tàko+ lemma: tako ''
form: relative
smradou+ lemma: smrad 'stench'
form: m.sg.dat
isxodeštou lemma: izxodja 'exit'
form: ptcp.prs.act
alt.analysis: m.sg.dat
wt+ lemma: ot 'from'
form: preposition
groba lemma: grob 'grave'
form: m.sg.gen
tôgo. lemma: tъ 'the'
form: m.sg.gen/acc
And as the stench went out from that grave,
jâko+ lemma: jako 'very much'
form: conjunction
nikoʺmou+ lemma: nikoi 'nobody, none'
form: dat
NBKM 665: nikomuže
moštî lemma: moga 'can'
form: infinitive (ipf)
minoutî lemma: mina 'pass'
form: infinitive (pf)
poûtem lemma: pǫt 'way'
form: m.sg.inst
těmь. lemma: tъ 'the'
form: m.sg.inst
(so much) that it was impossible to pass by that way,
i+ lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
touʺ lemma: tu 'there'
form: adverb
alt.analysis: abl
s^tlьpьnikou lemma: stъlpnik 'stylite'
form: m.sg.dat
soúštou, lemma: sъm 'be'
form: ptcp.prs.act
alt.analysis: m.sg.dat
ponouždenь lemma: ponuždaja ''
form: ptcp.aor.pass (pf)
alt.analysis: m.sg.nom
bŷvь+ lemma: sъm 'be'
form: ptcp.aor.pass (ipf)
alt.analysis: m.sg.nom
î(s)+ lemma: iz 'from'
form: preposition
stlьpa. lemma: stъlp 'pillar'
form: m.sg.gen
ʾizìtʾi. lemma: izida 'go out'
form: infinitive (pf)
and as there was a stylite, he was forced to descend from the pillar,
i+ lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
troúpa+ lemma: trup 'corpse'
form: m.sg.gen
ʾwnogo lemma: on 'he'
form: m.sg.gen/acc
glьboče lemma: glъboko ''
form: adv.comp
vь+ lemma: v 'in'
form: preposition
zèmli+ lemma: zemlja 'land, earth'
form: f.sg.dat/loc
pogrêstì. lemma: pogreba 'bury'
form: infinitive (pf)
and to bury the corpse deeper in the ground,
jâko+ lemma: jako 'very much'
form: conjunction
da+ lemma: da 'to'
form: conjunction
vo_nja lemma: vonja 'stink'
form: f.sg.nom
iz+ lemma: iz 'from'
form: preposition
glьbýni lemma: glъbina ''
form: f.sg.gen
ne+ lemma: ne 'no, not'
form: negation particle
isxoditь. lemma: izxodja 'exit'
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
so that the stench does not come from the depth.
total elements: 36
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ROOT i tako smradou isxodeštou ot groba togo jako nikomou mošti minouti poutem těmъ i tou stlъpъnikou souštou ponouždenъ byvъ is stlъpa iziti i troupa onogo glъboče vъ zemli pogresti jako da vonja iz glъbyni ne isxoditъ
cc(i-2, iziti-23)
advmod(tako-3, isxodeštou-5)
nsubj(smradou-4, isxodeštou-5)
advcl(isxodeštou-5, iziti-23)
case(ot-6, groba-7)
obl:abl(groba-7, isxodeštou-5)
det:p_nom(togo-8, groba-7)
mark(jako-9, minouti-12)
obl:iobj(nikomou-10, minouti-12)
aux(mošti-11, minouti-12)
advcl(minouti-12, isxodeštou-5)
obl(poutem-13, minouti-12)
det:p_nom(těmъ-14, poutem-13)
cc(i-15, souštou-18)
advmod(tou-16, souštou-18)
nsubj(stlъpъnikou-17, souštou-18)
conj(souštou-18, isxodeštou-5)
aux:pass(ponouždenъ-19, iziti-23)
aux:pass(byvъ-20, ponouždenъ-19)
case(is-21, stlъpa-22)
obl:abl(stlъpa-22, iziti-23)
root(iziti-23, ROOT)
cc(i-24, pogresti-30)
obj(troupa-25, pogresti-30)
det:p_nom(onogo-26, troupa-25)
advmod(glъboče-27, pogresti-30)
case(vъ-28, zemli-29)
obl:loc(zemli-29, pogresti-30)
conj(pogresti-30, iziti-23)
mark(jako-31, isxoditъ-37)
fixed(da-32, jako-31)
nsubj(vonja-33, isxoditъ-37)
case(iz-34, glъbyni-35)
obl:abl(glъbyni-35, isxoditъ-37)
advmod(ne-36, isxoditъ-37)
advcl(isxoditъ-37, pogresti-30)ʾi+
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 1
dependency: cc→22
tàko+
tako
tag: Pr
form: relative
element 2
dependency: advmod→4
smradou+
smradou
lemma: smrad 'stench' SJS search
inflection: monosyllabic noun
tag: Nmsdn
form: m.sg.dat
element 3
dependency: nsubj→4
isxodeštou
isxodeštou
lemma: izxodja 'exit' LOVe search
Punčo uses the word also for ʹcommit adulteryʹ (translating CS ljuboděistvovati).
inflection: i-verb
prefixes: ablative iz-
tag: Vmpp-sea or Amsdn
form: ptcp.prs.act or m.sg.dat
element 4
dependency: advcl→22
wt+
ot
lemma: ot 'from' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS otъ
tag: Sg
form: preposition
element 5
dependency: case→6
groba
groba
lemma: grob 'grave' SJS search
inflection: monosyllabic noun
tag: Nmsgn
form: m.sg.gen
element 6
dependency: obl:abl→4
tôgo.
togo
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-msg
form: m.sg.gen/acc
element 7
dependency: det:p_nom→6
jâko+
jako
lemma: jako 'very much' search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 8
dependency: mark→11
nikoʺmou+
nikomou
lemma: nikoi 'nobody, none' search
Handled as A, if used adnominally. CS nikъtože is handled as a separate lemma.
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Pz---d
form: dat
element 9
dependency: obl:iobj→11
NBKM 665: nikomuže
moštî
mošti
lemma: moga 'can' SJS LOVe search
CS mošti. If used as an auxiliary verb, the main verb is in infinitive or in da-construction (cf. Mirčev 1978:235).
inflection: e-verb
tag: Vmn---i
form: infinitive (ipf)
element 10
dependency: aux→11
minoutî
minouti
lemma: mina 'pass' LOVe search
inflection: e-verb
tag: Vmn---e
form: infinitive (pf)
element 11
dependency: advcl→4
poûtem
poutem
lemma: pǫt 'way' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
Modern BG has an irregular pl. pъtišta. The lemma pъt (pl. pъti) is used for counting. CS pǫtь is an i-stem.
inflection: i-stem noun
tag: Nmsin
form: m.sg.inst
element 12
dependency: obl→11
těmь.
těmъ
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-msi
form: m.sg.inst
element 13
dependency: det:p_nom→12
i+
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 14
dependency: cc→17
touʺ
tou
lemma: tu 'there' search
CS
suffixes: n.sg.dat -u
tag: R or Pr---g
form: adverb or abl
element 15
dependency: advmod→17
s^tlьpьnikou
stlъpъnikou
lemma: stъlpnik 'stylite' search
inflection: o-stem noun
suffixes: agent -ьnikъ
tag: Nmsdy
form: m.sg.dat
element 16
dependency: nsubj→17
soúštou,
souštou
lemma: sъm 'be' SJS LOVe search
Used for most forms of the ʹbeʹ verb, including the (CS) infinitive byti, and excluding only perfective forms based on present stem bъda. In OCS, bъda is used also for the infinitive and other forms based on the aorist stem.
inflection: athematic
tag: Vmpp-sia or Amsdn
form: ptcp.prs.act or m.sg.dat
element 17
dependency: conj→4
ponouždenь
ponouždenъ
tag: Vmpa-se or Amsnn
form: ptcp.aor.pass (pf) or m.sg.nom
element 18
dependency: aux:pass→22
bŷvь+
byvъ
lemma: sъm 'be' SJS LOVe search
Used for most forms of the ʹbeʹ verb, including the (CS) infinitive byti, and excluding only perfective forms based on present stem bъda. In OCS, bъda is used also for the infinitive and other forms based on the aorist stem.
inflection: athematic
tag: Vapa-si or Amsnn
form: ptcp.aor.pass (ipf) or m.sg.nom
element 19
dependency: aux:pass→18
î(s)+
is
lemma: iz 'from' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
As a prefix, in CS /z/ is usually assimilated to voiceless consonants in the root onset; in Punčoʹs dialect, it is also often shortened to s- (e.g. skusen ʹexperiencedʹ).
tag: Sg
form: preposition
element 20
dependency: case→21
stlьpa.
stlъpa
lemma: stъlp 'pillar' SJS search
inflection: monosyllabic noun
tag: Nmsgn
form: m.sg.gen
element 21
dependency: obl:abl→22
ʾizìtʾi.
iziti
lemma: izida 'go out' LOVe search
inflection: e-verb
prefixes: ablative iz-
tag: Vmn---e
form: infinitive (pf)
element 22
dependency: root→0
i+
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 23
dependency: cc→29
troúpa+
troupa
lemma: trup 'corpse' SJS search
inflection: monosyllabic noun
tag: Nmsgn
form: m.sg.gen
element 24
dependency: obj→29
ʾwnogo
onogo
lemma: on 'he' search
Used for both personal (Pp3msn, as a dialectal variant of toi) and distal demonstrative pronoun.
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-msg
form: m.sg.gen/acc
element 25
dependency: det:p_nom→24
glьboče
glъboče
tag: Rc
form: adv.comp
element 26
dependency: advmod→29
vь+
vъ
lemma: v 'in' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
inflection: with loc or acc
tag: Sl
form: preposition
element 27
dependency: case→28
zèmli+
zemli
lemma: zemlja 'land, earth' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS variant of BG zemja. Used if the epenthetic /l/ is written (as preferred by Punčo).
inflection: jā-stem noun
tag: Nfsdn
form: f.sg.dat/loc
element 28
dependency: obl:loc→29
pogrêstì.
pogresti
lemma: pogreba 'bury' SJS LOVe search
CS pogrěbati
inflection: e-verb
prefixes: delimitative po-
tag: Vmn---e
form: infinitive (pf)
element 29
dependency: conj→22
jâko+
jako
lemma: jako 'very much' search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 30
dependency: mark→36
da+
da
lemma: da 'to' search
See the Reference Grammar for more details on the use of its function.
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 31
dependency: fixed→30
vo_nja
vonja
lemma: vonja 'stink' search
CS vonjati, 1sg.prs vonjajǫ, 2sg vonjaješi (an e-verb).
inflection: i-verb
tag: Nfsnn
form: f.sg.nom
element 32
dependency: nsubj→36
iz+
iz
lemma: iz 'from' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
As a prefix, in CS /z/ is usually assimilated to voiceless consonants in the root onset; in Punčoʹs dialect, it is also often shortened to s- (e.g. skusen ʹexperiencedʹ).
tag: Sg
form: preposition
element 33
dependency: case→34
glьbýni
glъbyni
tag: Nfsgn
form: f.sg.gen
element 34
dependency: obl:abl→36
ne+
ne
lemma: ne 'no, not' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: Qz
form: negation particle
element 35
dependency: advmod→36
isxoditь.
isxoditъ
lemma: izxodja 'exit' LOVe search
Punčo uses the word also for ʹcommit adulteryʹ (translating CS ljuboděistvovati).
inflection: i-verb
prefixes: ablative iz-
tag: Vmip3si
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
element 36
dependency: advcl→29