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sentence 50
Pissova+ lemma: piša 'write'
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
se lemma: se 'self'
form: refl.acc
od lemma: od 'from, of'
form: preposition
jedin lemma: edin 'one'
form: m.sg.nom
Soltatin lemma: soldatin 'soldier'
form: m.sg.nom
jaco lemma: jako 'very much'
form: adverb
Cristianin, lemma: xristianin 'Christian'
form: m.sg.nom
it is written about one solder, a very good Christian
ci lemma: če 'that'
form: conjunction
imal lemma: imam 'have'
form: l-ptcp (ipf)
alt.analysis: m.sg.nom
tozi lemma: tozi 'that'
form: m.sg.nom
hubav lemma: xubav 'beautiful'
form: m.sg.nom
adet, lemma: adet 'custom'
form: m.sg.nom/acc
BAN I 4: adet 'navik, običai' < tr. adet < ar. ʿādat
that he had a very nice habit
ci lemma: če 'that'
form: conjunction
cata lemma: kata 'every'
form: adverb
cogà lemma: koga 'when'
form: interrogative
minesce lemma: mina 'pass'
form: 2/3sg.impf (pf)
pò+ lemma: po 'after, along, according to'
form: preposition
krai lemma: krai 'end'
form: m.sg.nom/acc
necoi+ lemma: někoi 'someone'
form: n.pl.nom/acc.pron
gro:biscta, lemma: grobište ''
form: n.pl.nom/acc
always when he passed by a cemetery
zapiresce+ lemma: zapiram 'stop'
form: 2/3sg.impf (ipf)
se lemma: se 'self'
form: refl.acc
da lemma: da 'to'
form: conjunction
kaxi lemma: kaža 'tell, show'
form: 3sg.prs (pf)
jedin lemma: edin 'one'
form: m.sg.nom
occenasc, lemma: otčenaš 'Our Father'
form: m.sg.nom/acc
i lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
jedná lemma: edin 'one'
form: f.sg.nom
zdra:va lemma: zdrav 'healthy'
form: f.sg.nom
Maria lemma: Maria 'Mary'
form: f.sg.nom
zà lemma: za 'for, about'
form: preposition
dusci+ lemma: duša 'soul'
form: f.pl.nom/acc
te lemma: tъ 'the'
form: f.pl.nom
od lemma: od 'from, of'
form: preposition
onezi lemma: onzi 'that'
form: f.pl.nom
martvi, lemma: mъrtъv 'dead'
form: m.pl.nom
he stopped to pray (ʺsayʺ) one Our Father and one Hail Mary for the souls of the dead
deto lemma: deto 'which'
form: relative
lexeha lemma: leža 'lay'
form: 3pl.aor/impf (ipf)
tam lemma: tamo 'there'
form: adverb
zacopani. lemma: zakopaja 'dig in'
form: m.pl.nom
alt.analysis: ptcp.aor.pass (pf)
which were buried there
total elements: 41
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ROOT Pissova se od jedin Soltatin jako dobar kristianin či imal tozi xubav adet či kata koga mineše po krai necoi grobišta zapireše se da kaži jedin oččenaš i jedna zdrava Maria za duši te od onezi martvi deto ležexa tam zakopani
root(Pissova-2, ROOT)
expl(se-3, Pissova-2)
case(od-4, Soltatin-6)
det(jedin-5, Soltatin-6)
obl(Soltatin-6, Pissova-2)
amod(jako-7, dobar-8)
amod(dobar-8, kristianin-9)
appos(kristianin-9, Soltatin-6)
mark(či-10, imal-11)
advcl(imal-11, Pissova-2)
det:ext(tozi-12, adet-14)
amod(xubav-13, adet-14)
obj(adet-14, imal-11)
mark(či-15, zapireše-23)
advmod(kata-16, mineše-18)
mark(koga-17, mineše-18)
advcl(mineše-18, zapireše-23)
case(po-19, krai-20)
obl:loc(krai-20, mineše-18)
det(necoi-21, grobišta-22)
nmod:poss(grobišta-22, krai-20)
acl(zapireše-23, adet-14)
expl(se-24, zapireše-23)
mark(da-25, kaži-26)
advcl(kaži-26, zapireše-23)
det(jedin-27, oččenaš-28)
obl(oččenaš-28, kaži-26)
cc(i-29, Maria-32)
det(jedna-30, Maria-32)
amod(zdrava-31, Maria-32)
conj(Maria-32, oččenaš-28)
case(za-33, duši-34)
obl:iobj(duši-34, kaži-26)
det:p_nom(te-35, duši-34)
case(od-36, martvi-38)
det:ext(onezi-37, martvi-38)
nmod:poss(martvi-38, duši-34)
mark(deto-39, ležexa-40)
acl(ležexa-40, martvi-38)
advmod(tam-41, ležexa-40)
obl:pred(zakopani-42, ležexa-40)Pissova+
Pissova
lemma: piša 'write' SJS LOVe search
inflection: e-verb
tag: Vmip3si
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
element 1
dependency: root→0
se
se
lemma: se 'self' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS sę. The lemma is used for all forms of the reflexive pronoun. Annotation: sebe Px---g, si (and CS sebě) Px---d, se (or sę) Px---a, soboju (or sobojǫ) Px---i.
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Px---a
form: refl.acc
element 2
dependency: expl→1
od
od
lemma: od 'from, of' search
Variant of ot, commonly used by Carski (and in MK).
prefixes: circumlative ob-
tag: Sg
form: preposition
element 3
dependency: case→5
jedin
jedin
lemma: edin 'one' search
Actually a cardinal numeral (Ml), often used as an indefinite pronoun too.
inflection: hard adjectival
suffixes: singulative -inъ
tag: Amsnn
form: m.sg.nom
element 4
dependency: det→5
Soltatin
Soltatin
lemma: soldatin 'soldier' search
Carski: soltatin, def. soltatina+t, pl. soltate. BAN VII 305: soldat ʹvojnikʹ (Loveč, Mixalci, Pavlikensko, Pirgovo, Rusensko)
inflection: ethno-stem noun
suffixes: singulative -inъ
tag: Nmsny
form: m.sg.nom
element 5
dependency: obl→1
jaco
jako
lemma: jako 'very much' search
tag: R
form: adverb
element 6
dependency: amod→7
dobar
dobar
lemma: dobъr 'good' search
inflection: hard adjectival
tag: Amsnn
form: m.sg.nom
element 7
dependency: amod→8
Cristianin,
kristianin
lemma: xristianin 'Christian' search
Punčo uses both -e and -i in pl.nom (6 vs. 9 in first 20 ch.)
inflection: ethno-stem noun
suffixes: singulative -inъ
tag: Nmsny
form: m.sg.nom
element 8
dependency: appos→5
ci
či
lemma: če 'that' search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 9
dependency: mark→10
imal
imal
lemma: imam 'have' SJS LOVe search
CS iměti (irregular ě-/a-verb: 1sg.prs imamь, 2sg imaši) or imati (an a-/je-verb: 1sg.prs emljǫ, 2sg emlješi, SJS - link). Punčo uses various 3pl.prs forms - e.g. in chapter 062a, sentences following each other show imutь, imajutь and imatь.
inflection: a-verb
tag: Vmp--si or Amsnn
form: l-ptcp (ipf) or m.sg.nom
element 10
dependency: advcl→1
tozi
tozi
lemma: tozi 'that' search
The basic form reflects m.sg.nom as codified today. In damaskini, toizi is more common. Covers also f.sg.nom tazi, acc tьzi, m.sg.gen/acc togozi, dat tomuzi, pl tezi.
inflection: hard stem pronominal
suffixes: demonstrative -zi
tag: Pd-msn
form: m.sg.nom
element 11
dependency: det:ext→13
hubav
xubav
lemma: xubav 'beautiful' search
wiktionary: < per. xūb ʹgoodʹ
inflection: hard adjectival
suffixes: relational -av-
tag: Amsnn
form: m.sg.nom
element 12
dependency: amod→13
adet,
adet
lemma: adet 'custom' search
Carskiʹs word. BAN I 4: adet ʹnavik, običaiʹ < tr. adet < ar. ʿādat
inflection: o-stem noun
tag: Nmsnn
form: m.sg.nom/acc
element 13
dependency: obj→10
BAN I 4: adet 'navik, običai' < tr. adet < ar. ʿādat
ci
či
lemma: če 'that' search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 14
dependency: mark→22
cata
kata
lemma: kata 'every' search
tag: R
form: adverb
element 15
dependency: advmod→17
cogà
koga
lemma: koga 'when' search
Often used by Punčo as a relative pronoun too.
tag: Pq
form: interrogative
element 16
dependency: mark→17
minesce
mineše
lemma: mina 'pass' LOVe search
inflection: e-verb
tag: Vmii3se
form: 2/3sg.impf (pf)
element 17
dependency: advcl→22
pò+
po
lemma: po 'after, along, according to' search
tag: Sl
form: preposition
element 18
dependency: case→19
krai
krai
lemma: krai 'end' search
inflection: jo-stem noun
tag: Nmsnn
form: m.sg.nom/acc
element 19
dependency: obl:loc→17
necoi+
necoi
lemma: někoi 'someone' search
Handled as A, if used adnominally (e.g. někoi člkь).
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Anpny
form: n.pl.nom/acc.pron
element 20
dependency: det→21
gro:biscta,
grobišta
tag: Nnpnn
form: n.pl.nom/acc
element 21
dependency: nmod:poss→19
zapiresce+
zapireše
lemma: zapiram 'stop' LOVe search
inflection: a-verb
prefixes: postlative za-
tag: Vmii3si
form: 2/3sg.impf (ipf)
element 22
dependency: acl→13
se
se
lemma: se 'self' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS sę. The lemma is used for all forms of the reflexive pronoun. Annotation: sebe Px---g, si (and CS sebě) Px---d, se (or sę) Px---a, soboju (or sobojǫ) Px---i.
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Px---a
form: refl.acc
element 23
dependency: expl→22
da
da
lemma: da 'to' search
See the Reference Grammar for more details on the use of its function.
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 24
dependency: mark→25
kaxi
kaži
lemma: kaža 'tell, show' SJS LOVe search
CS kazati, 1sg.prs kažǫ, 2sg kažeši (ipf.)
inflection: e-verb
tag: Vmip3se
form: 3sg.prs (pf)
element 25
dependency: advcl→22
jedin
jedin
lemma: edin 'one' search
Actually a cardinal numeral (Ml), often used as an indefinite pronoun too.
inflection: hard adjectival
suffixes: singulative -inъ
tag: Amsnn
form: m.sg.nom
element 26
dependency: det→27
occenasc,
oččenaš
lemma: otčenaš 'Our Father' search
Carski: occenasc
inflection: jo-stem noun
tag: Nmsnn
form: m.sg.nom/acc
element 27
dependency: obl→25
i
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 28
dependency: cc→31
jedná
jedna
lemma: edin 'one' search
Actually a cardinal numeral (Ml), often used as an indefinite pronoun too.
inflection: hard adjectival
suffixes: singulative -inъ
tag: Afsnn
form: f.sg.nom
element 29
dependency: det→31
zdra:va
zdrava
lemma: zdrav 'healthy' search
inflection: hard adjectival
prefixes: beneficial sъ-
tag: Afsnn
form: f.sg.nom
element 30
dependency: amod→31
Maria
Maria
lemma: Maria 'Mary' search
inflection: jā-stem noun
tag: Nfsny
form: f.sg.nom
element 31
dependency: conj→27
zà
za
lemma: za 'for, about' search
tag: Sa
form: preposition
element 32
dependency: case→33
dusci+
duši
lemma: duša 'soul' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
Commonly abbreviated as дш҃а.
inflection: jā-stem noun
tag: Nfpny
form: f.pl.nom/acc
element 33
dependency: obl:iobj→25
te
te
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-fpn
form: f.pl.nom
element 34
dependency: det:p_nom→33
od
od
lemma: od 'from, of' search
Variant of ot, commonly used by Carski (and in MK).
prefixes: circumlative ob-
tag: Sg
form: preposition
element 35
dependency: case→37
onezi
onezi
lemma: onzi 'that' search
Used if the -zi suffix is present (i.e. onogozi, onomuzi, onazi etc.).
inflection: hard stem pronominal
suffixes: demonstrative -zi
tag: Pd-fpn
form: f.pl.nom
element 36
dependency: det:ext→37
martvi,
martvi
lemma: mъrtъv 'dead' LOVe search
inflection: hard adjectival
tag: Ampnn
form: m.pl.nom
element 37
dependency: nmod:poss→33
deto
deto
lemma: deto 'which' search
A common relative pronoun based on kъde-to ʹwhereʹ.
tag: Pr
form: relative
element 38
dependency: mark→39
lexeha
ležexa
lemma: leža 'lay' LOVe search
CS ležati, 1sg.prs ležǫ, 2sg ležiši
inflection: i-verb
suffixes: stative -ě-
tag: Vmii3pi
form: 3pl.aor/impf (ipf)
element 39
dependency: acl→37
tam
tam
lemma: tamo 'there' search
Modern BG codifies tam, but older sources use prevalently tamo, which is common in CS texts too. Originally an allative correlant of tu, it seems to have replaced it in a static locative function too (e.g. sьtvori tamo čjudesa ʹhe did there miraclesʹ here).
suffixes: allative -amo
tag: R
form: adverb
element 40
dependency: advmod→39
zacopani.
zakopani
lemma: zakopaja 'dig in' LOVe search
inflection: e-verb
prefixes: postlative za-
tag: Ampnn or Vmpa-pe
form: m.pl.nom or ptcp.aor.pass (pf)
element 41
dependency: obl:pred→39