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sentence 180
i lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
izlezi lemma: izlěza 'go out'
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
vanca lemma: vъnka 'out'
form: adverb
is lemma: iz 'from'
form: preposition
Ciarqua+ lemma: cъrkva 'church'
form: f.sg.nom
ta lemma: tъ 'the'
form: f.sg.nom
pred lemma: pred 'in front'
form: preposition
Eretika+ lemma: eretik 'heretic'
form: m.sg.gen/acc.anim
alt.analysis: m.sg.def
t lemma: tъ 'the'
form: m.sg.nom
Gujaldo, lemma: Gujaldo 'Gujaldo'
form: m.sg.nom
and went out from the church to Gujaldo the heretic
deto+ lemma: deto 'which'
form: relative
go lemma: toi 'he'
form: m.3sg.gen/acc (short)
ciakasce lemma: čakam 'wait'
form: 2/3sg.impf (ipf)
na lemma: na 'on, to, for'
form: preposition
mighdana+ lemma: megdan 'square (in a city)'
form: m.sg.gen
alt.analysis: m.sg.def
t lemma: tъ 'the'
form: m.sg.nom
who was waiting for him on the main square
sas lemma: s 'with'
form: preposition
maga:re+ lemma: magare 'donkey'
form: n.sg.nom/acc
to lemma: tъ 'the'
form: n.sg.nom
gladno lemma: gladen 'hungered'
form: n.sg.nom/acc
u lemma: u 'at'
form: preposition
jednà lemma: edin 'one'
form: f.sg.nom
rakà, lemma: rъka 'hand'
form: f.sg.nom
with the hungry donkey in one hand
total elements: 23
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ROOT i izlezi vanka is Čiarkva ta pred Eretika t Gujaldo deto go čiakaše na migdana t sas magare to gladno u jedna raka
cc(i-2, izlezi-3)
root(izlezi-3, ROOT)
advmod(vanka-4, izlezi-3)
case(is-5, Čiarkva-6)
obl:abl(Čiarkva-6, izlezi-3)
det:p_nom(ta-7, Čiarkva-6)
case(pred-8, Eretika-9)
obl:lat(Eretika-9, izlezi-3)
det:p_nom(t-10, Eretika-9)
appos(Gujaldo-11, Eretika-9)
mark(deto-12, čiakaše-14)
obj(go-13, čiakaše-14)
acl(čiakaše-14, Eretika-9)
case(na-15, migdana-16)
obl:loc(migdana-16, čiakaše-14)
det:p_nom(t-17, migdana-16)
case(sas-18, magare-19)
obl(magare-19, čiakaše-14)
det:p_nom(to-20, magare-19)
amod(gladno-21, magare-19)
case(u-22, raka-24)
amod(jedna-23, raka-24)
obl:loc(raka-24, čiakaše-14)i
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 1
dependency: cc→2
izlezi
izlezi
lemma: izlěza 'go out' LOVe search
CS izlaziti, BG izlizam
inflection: e-verb
prefixes: ablative iz-
tag: Vmia3se
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
element 2
dependency: root→0
vanca
vanka
lemma: vъnka 'out' search
prefixes: locative vъ-
suffixes: m.sg.nom/acc -ъ, emphatic -ka
tag: R
form: adverb
element 3
dependency: advmod→2
is
is
lemma: iz 'from' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
As a prefix, in CS /z/ is usually assimilated to voiceless consonants in the root onset; in Punčoʹs dialect, it is also often shortened to s- (e.g. skusen ʹexperiencedʹ).
tag: Sg
form: preposition
element 4
dependency: case→5
Ciarqua+
Čiarkva
lemma: cъrkva 'church' SJS Miklosich search
CS crьky or crъky (an ū-stem). Punčo uses the form cъrkva (ā-stem, sg.acc cъrkvu) besides cъrkovь, originally ū-stem sg.acc, inflected as an i-stem in his system.
inflection: ā-stem noun
tag: Nfsnn
form: f.sg.nom
element 5
dependency: obl:abl→2
ta
ta
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-fsn
form: f.sg.nom
element 6
dependency: det:p_nom→5
pred
pred
lemma: pred 'in front' search
CS prědъ
tag: Sa
form: preposition
element 7
dependency: case→8
Eretika+
Eretika
lemma: eretik 'heretic' search
inflection: o-stem noun
tag: Nmsgy or Nmsoy
form: m.sg.gen/acc.anim or m.sg.def
element 8
dependency: obl:lat→2
t
t
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-msn
form: m.sg.nom
element 9
dependency: det:p_nom→8
Gujaldo,
Gujaldo
lemma: Gujaldo 'Gujaldo' search
A name of the heretic in Limoges chastised by St. Anthony, mentioned by Carski.
inflection: o-stem noun
tag: Nmsny
form: m.sg.nom
element 10
dependency: appos→8
deto+
deto
lemma: deto 'which' search
A common relative pronoun based on kъde-to ʹwhereʹ.
tag: Pr
form: relative
element 11
dependency: mark→13
go
go
lemma: toi 'he' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
Also used for m3sg personal pronoun based on the root *j-. Annotation of oblique forms: nego Pp3msg, nemu or mu Pp3msd, go Pp3msa
Punčo prefers on as the m.3sg.nom form.
inflection: nominal pronoun
suffixes: demonstrative -j-
tag: Pp3msa
form: m.3sg.gen/acc (short)
element 12
dependency: obj→13
ciakasce
čiakaše
lemma: čakam 'wait' search
inflection: a-verb
tag: Vmii3si
form: 2/3sg.impf (ipf)
element 13
dependency: acl→8
na
na
lemma: na 'on, to, for' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
In OCS also ʹagainstʹ (with acc). The dative-like meaning ʹforʹ is attested from the 14th c. onwards.
tag: Sl
form: preposition
element 14
dependency: case→15
mighdana+
migdana
lemma: megdan 'square (in a city)' search
Carski: mighdana+t
inflection: o-stem noun
tag: Nmsgn or Nmson
form: m.sg.gen or m.sg.def
element 15
dependency: obl:loc→13
t
t
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-msn
form: m.sg.nom
element 16
dependency: det:p_nom→15
sas
sas
lemma: s 'with' search
tag: Si
form: preposition
element 17
dependency: case→18
maga:re+
magare
lemma: magare 'donkey' search
inflection: jo-stem noun
tag: Nnsny
form: n.sg.nom/acc
element 18
dependency: obl→13
to
to
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-nsn
form: n.sg.nom
element 19
dependency: det:p_nom→18
gladno
gladno
lemma: gladen 'hungered' search
inflection: hard adjectival
tag: Ansnn
form: n.sg.nom/acc
element 20
dependency: amod→18
u
u
lemma: u 'at' search
tag: Sg
form: preposition
element 21
dependency: case→23
jednà
jedna
lemma: edin 'one' search
Actually a cardinal numeral (Ml), often used as an indefinite pronoun too.
inflection: hard adjectival
suffixes: singulative -inъ
tag: Afsnn
form: f.sg.nom
element 22
dependency: amod→23
rakà,
raka
lemma: rъka 'hand' search
Forms like rъce and ruke are interpreted as duals.
inflection: ā-stem noun
tag: Nfsnn
form: f.sg.nom
element 23
dependency: obl:loc→13