chapter view
sentence 94
za- lemma: zaštoto 'because'
form: conjunction
i+ lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
áṣ lemma: az 'I'
form: 1sg.nom
ut lemma: ot 'from'
form: preposition
mladuṣ+ lemma: mladost 'youth'
form: f.sg.nom
tá+ lemma: tъ 'the'
form: f.sg.nom
si lemma: se 'self'
form: refl.dat
mója lemma: moi 'my'
form: f.sg.nom.pron
podı´r lemma: podir 'along'
form: preposition
tvóego lemma: tvoi 'your'
form: m.sg.gen/acc.pron
sína lemma: sin 'son'
form: m.sg.gen/acc.anim
trágnax. lemma: trъgna 'leave'
form: 1sg.aor (pf)
ʺbecause I followed your son since my youthʺ
total elements: 12
tree view (.svg)
linear view (Embedded brat):
view .conllu
ROOT za i as ut mladus ta si moja podir tvoego sina tragnax
cc(za-2, tragnax-13)
cc(i-3, tragnax-13)
nsubj(as-4, tragnax-13)
case(ut-5, mladus-6)
obl:abl(mladus-6, tragnax-13)
det:p_nom(ta-7, mladus-6)
expl(si-8, moja-9)
amod:poss(moja-9, mladus-6)
case(podir-10, sina-12)
amod:poss(tvoego-11, sina-12)
obl(sina-12, tragnax-13)
root(tragnax-13, ROOT)za-
za
lemma: zaštoto 'because' search
The second -to is, of course, younger.
suffixes: demonstrative -to
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 1
dependency: cc→12
i+
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 2
dependency: cc→12
áṣ
as
lemma: az 'I' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
Annotation uses the following scheme, even if long and short forms can fulfill different syntactic functions: mene Pp1-sg, mi Pp1-sd, me Pp1-sa
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Pp1-sn
form: 1sg.nom
element 3
dependency: nsubj→12
ut
ut
lemma: ot 'from' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS otъ
tag: Sg
form: preposition
element 4
dependency: case→5
mladuṣ+
mladus
lemma: mladost 'youth' search
inflection: i-stem noun
suffixes: abstract -ostь
tag: Nfsnn
form: f.sg.nom
element 5
dependency: obl:abl→12
tá+
ta
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-fsn
form: f.sg.nom
element 6
dependency: det:p_nom→5
si
si
lemma: se 'self' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS sę. The lemma is used for all forms of the reflexive pronoun. Annotation: sebe Px---g, si (and CS sebě) Px---d, se (or sę) Px---a, soboju (or sobojǫ) Px---i.
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Px---d
form: refl.dat
element 7
dependency: expl→8
mója
moja
lemma: moi 'my' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
inflection: soft pronominal
suffixes: possessive -ьj-
tag: Afsny
form: f.sg.nom.pron
element 8
dependency: amod:poss→5
podı´r
podir
lemma: podir 'along' search
tag: S
form: preposition
element 9
dependency: case→11
tvóego
tvoego
lemma: tvoi 'your' search
inflection: soft pronominal
suffixes: possessive -ьj-
tag: Amsgy
form: m.sg.gen/acc.pron
element 10
dependency: amod:poss→11
sína
sina
lemma: sin 'son' SJS search
CS synъ was an u-stem. Punčo seems to follow a paradigm combining o-stem oblique case endings with u-stem direct forms (as in other monosyllabic masc nouns): sg.nom sinь, gen sina, dat sinu, voc sine, pl.nom sinove/sinovi, also pl.acc sini (< CS syny).
The two pl.nom forms may remind us of Serbo-Croat variation (pl.nom -ovi, pl.acc -ove). However, Punčo clearly prefers the form -ove (the other form comes only once in 9 instances in first 30 chapters), which is used both in subject and oblique positions.
inflection: monosyllabic noun
tag: Nmsgy
form: m.sg.gen/acc.anim
element 11
dependency: obl→12
trágnax.
tragnax
lemma: trъgna 'leave' LOVe search
inflection: e-verb
suffixes: perfective -nǫ-
tag: Vmia1se
form: 1sg.aor (pf)
element 12
dependency: root→0