chapter view
sentence 104
i˖ lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
gь lemma: Gospod 'Lord'
form: m.sg.nom
īma lemma: imam 'have'
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
člo_véci˖ lemma: člověk ''
form: m.pl.nom
te lemma: tъ 'the'
form: m.pl.nom
na˖ lemma: na 'on, to, for'
form: preposition
toja˖ lemma: toja 'that'
form: m.sg.nom
svétь lemma: svět 'world, light'
form: m.sg.nom/acc
Lord has humans in this world
da˖ lemma: da 'to'
form: conjunction
ispьlʹnuvatʹ lemma: izpъlnjavam ''
form: 3pl.prs (ipf)
zemlá˖ lemma: zemlja 'land, earth'
form: f.sg.nom
ta lemma: tъ 'the'
form: f.sg.nom
so that they can fill the Earth
i˖ lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
da˖ lemma: da 'to'
form: conjunction
rábóti˖ lemma: rabotja 'work'
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
saki lemma: vsěki 'every'
form: m.sg.nom.pron
wnová lemma: onova 'that'
form: n.sg.nom
deto lemma: deto 'which'
form: relative
mo˖ lemma: toi 'he'
form: m.3sg.dat
e˖ lemma: sъm 'be'
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
dádeno lemma: dam 'give'
form: ptcp.aor.pass (pf)
alt.analysis: n.sg.nom/acc
dobrь lemma: dobъr 'good'
form: m.sg.nom
zanájátь lemma: zanajat 'profession'
form: m.sg.nom/acc
and so that everybody works what is given to him as a profession
total elements: 23
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ROOT i gъ ima človeci te na toja svetъ da ispъlъnuvatъ zemla ta i da raboti saki onova deto mo e dadeno dobrъ zanajatъ
cc(i-2, ima-4)
nsubj(gъ-3, ima-4)
root(ima-4, ROOT)
obj(človeci-5, ima-4)
det:p_nom(te-6, človeci-5)
case(na-7, svetъ-9)
det:ext(toja-8, svetъ-9)
obl:loc(svetъ-9, ima-4)
mark(da-10, ispъlъnuvatъ-11)
advcl(ispъlъnuvatъ-11, ima-4)
obj(zemla-12, ispъlъnuvatъ-11)
det:p_nom(ta-13, zemla-12)
cc(i-14, raboti-16)
mark(da-15, raboti-16)
conj(raboti-16, ispъlъnuvatъ-11)
csubj(saki-17, raboti-16)
obj:ext(onova-18, raboti-16)
mark(deto-19, dadeno-22)
obl:iobj(mo-20, dadeno-22)
aux:pass(e-21, dadeno-22)
acl(dadeno-22, onova-18)
amod(dobrъ-23, zanajatъ-24)
appos(zanajatъ-24, onova-18)i˖
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 1
dependency: cc→3
gь
gъ
lemma: Gospod 'Lord' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
Endings commonly used by Punčo (gda, gdu) are typical of o-stems. OCS Gospodь was originally an i-stem, what is still reflected on the vocative g-di (cf. Lunt 2001:75). Older sg.gen gospodně (often abbreviated gdně) indicate influence of n-stems like dьnь. These are handled as a sg.gen soft-stem possessive adjectives (lemma Gospoden).
inflection: irregular
tag: Nmsny
form: m.sg.nom
element 2
dependency: nsubj→3
īma
ima
lemma: imam 'have' SJS LOVe search
CS iměti (irregular ě-/a-verb: 1sg.prs imamь, 2sg imaši) or imati (an a-/je-verb: 1sg.prs emljǫ, 2sg emlješi, SJS - link). Punčo uses various 3pl.prs forms - e.g. in chapter 062a, sentences following each other show imutь, imajutь and imatь.
inflection: a-verb
tag: Vmip3si
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
element 3
dependency: root→0
člo_véci˖
človeci
tag: Nmpny
form: m.pl.nom
element 4
dependency: obj→3
te
te
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-mpn
form: m.pl.nom
element 5
dependency: det:p_nom→4
na˖
na
lemma: na 'on, to, for' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
In OCS also ʹagainstʹ (with acc). The dative-like meaning ʹforʹ is attested from the 14th c. onwards.
tag: Sl
form: preposition
element 6
dependency: case→8
toja˖
toja
lemma: toja 'that' search
The basic form reflects m.sg.nom, but the lemma also covers f.sg.nom taja (Pd-fsn), f.sg.acc tuju (Pd-fsa) and pl.nom tija (Pd--pa).
inflection: hard stem pronominal
suffixes: demonstrative -j-
tag: Pd-msn
form: m.sg.nom
element 7
dependency: det:ext→8
svétь
svetъ
lemma: svět 'world, light' search
inflection: o-stem noun
tag: Nmsnn
form: m.sg.nom/acc
element 8
dependency: obl:loc→3
da˖
da
lemma: da 'to' search
See the Reference Grammar for more details on the use of its function.
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 9
dependency: mark→10
ispьlʹnuvatʹ
ispъlъnuvatъ
tag: Vmip3pi
form: 3pl.prs (ipf)
element 10
dependency: advcl→3
zemlá˖
zemla
lemma: zemlja 'land, earth' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS variant of BG zemja. Used if the epenthetic /l/ is written (as preferred by Punčo).
inflection: jā-stem noun
tag: Nfsnn
form: f.sg.nom
element 11
dependency: obj→10
ta
ta
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-fsn
form: f.sg.nom
element 12
dependency: det:p_nom→11
i˖
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 13
dependency: cc→15
da˖
da
lemma: da 'to' search
See the Reference Grammar for more details on the use of its function.
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 14
dependency: mark→15
rábóti˖
raboti
lemma: rabotja 'work' SJS LOVe search
inflection: i-verb
suffixes: abstract -ota, causative -i-
tag: Vmip3si
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
element 15
dependency: conj→10
saki
saki
lemma: vsěki 'every' search
CS vьsěkъ (or vьsjakъ)
inflection: hard pronominal
prefixes: encompassive vьse-
suffixes: manner -jak-
tag: Amsny
form: m.sg.nom.pron
element 16
dependency: csubj→15
wnová
onova
lemma: onova 'that' search
Used if -va suffix is present (i.e. also for m.sg onomuva, onogova).
inflection: hard stem pronominal
suffixes: demonstrative -va
tag: Pd-nsn
form: n.sg.nom
element 17
dependency: obj:ext→15
deto
deto
lemma: deto 'which' search
A common relative pronoun based on kъde-to ʹwhereʹ.
tag: Pr
form: relative
element 18
dependency: mark→21
mo˖
mo
lemma: toi 'he' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
Also used for m3sg personal pronoun based on the root *j-. Annotation of oblique forms: nego Pp3msg, nemu or mu Pp3msd, go Pp3msa
Punčo prefers on as the m.3sg.nom form.
inflection: nominal pronoun
suffixes: demonstrative -j-
tag: Pp3msd
form: m.3sg.dat
element 19
dependency: obl:iobj→21
e˖
e
lemma: sъm 'be' SJS LOVe search
Used for most forms of the ʹbeʹ verb, including the (CS) infinitive byti, and excluding only perfective forms based on present stem bъda. In OCS, bъda is used also for the infinitive and other forms based on the aorist stem.
inflection: athematic
tag: Vaip3si
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
element 20
dependency: aux:pass→21
dádeno
dadeno
lemma: dam 'give' SJS SNSP Miklosich LOVe search
Punčo: 1sg.prs dademь, 3sg dade. If used as an auxiliary verb, the main verb is in infinitive or in da-construction (cf. Mirčev 1978:235)
inflection: athematic
tag: Vmpa-se or Ansnn
form: ptcp.aor.pass (pf) or n.sg.nom/acc
element 21
dependency: acl→17
dobrь
dobrъ
lemma: dobъr 'good' search
inflection: hard adjectival
tag: Amsnn
form: m.sg.nom
element 22
dependency: amod→23
zanájátь
zanajatъ
lemma: zanajat 'profession' search
inflection: o-stem noun
tag: Nmsnn
form: m.sg.nom/acc
element 23
dependency: appos→17