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sentence 232
zaštò lemma: zašto 'for'
form: conjunction
ʾi+ lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
sámь lemma: sam 'alone'
form: m.sg.nom
gd͒ь lemma: Gospod 'Lord'
form: m.sg.nom
bg̃ь lemma: bog 'god'
form: m.sg.nom
táko lemma: taka 'thus'
form: relative
réče lemma: reka 'say'
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
Because even the Lord God Himself thus said,
da+ lemma: da 'to'
form: conjunction
ĭmatь lemma: imam 'have'
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
moskále, lemma: moskal 'Muscovite'
form: m.pl.nom
sʾila lemma: sila 'power'
form: f.sg.nom
wt lemma: ot 'from'
form: preposition
savíše lemma: sviše 'from above'
form: adverb
so that Muscovites have the power from above,
ʾi+ lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
da+ lemma: da 'to'
form: conjunction
pokóratь lemma: pokorja 'subdue'
form: 3pl.prs (pf)
svi lemma: sve 'all'
form: f.pl.nom/acc
te lemma: tъ 'the'
form: f.pl.nom
véri lemma: věra 'faith, belief'
form: f.pl.nom/acc
ʾi+ lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
ezičníci lemma: ezičnik 'heathen'
form: m.pl.nom
pódь lemma: pod 'under'
form: preposition
svojù lemma: svoi 'of oneself'
form: f.sg.acc.pron
vla͒(st) lemma: vlast 'power'
form: f.sg.nom
and so that they defeat all the faiths and heathens under their rule.
total elements: 24
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ROOT zašto i samъ gdъ bgъ tako reče da imatъ moskale sila ot saviše i da pokoratъ svi te veri i ezičnici podъ svoju vlast
cc(zašto-2, reče-8)
amod(i-3, gdъ-5)
amod(samъ-4, gdъ-5)
nsubj(gdъ-5, reče-8)
appos(bgъ-6, gdъ-5)
advmod(tako-7, reče-8)
root(reče-8, ROOT)
mark(da-9, imatъ-10)
advcl(imatъ-10, reče-8)
nsubj(moskale-11, imatъ-10)
obj(sila-12, imatъ-10)
case(ot-13, saviše-14)
amod(saviše-14, sila-12)
cc(i-15, pokoratъ-17)
mark(da-16, pokoratъ-17)
conj(pokoratъ-17, imatъ-10)
amod:det(svi-18, veri-20)
det:p_adj(te-19, svi-18)
obj(veri-20, pokoratъ-17)
cc(i-21, ezičnici-22)
conj(ezičnici-22, veri-20)
case(podъ-23, vlast-25)
amod:poss(svoju-24, vlast-25)
obl(vlast-25, pokoratъ-17)zaštò
zašto
lemma: zašto 'for' search
Used commonly with the relative meaning of zaštoto. Could be also analyzed as an interrogative pronoun. Sometimes, Paisius (and Punčo) uses it in the consequent meaning ʹthatʹ - like što or če. See čto for etymology.
suffixes: demonstrative -to
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 1
dependency: cc→7
ʾi+
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 2
dependency: amod→4
sámь
samъ
lemma: sam 'alone' search
inflection: hard pronominal
tag: Amsnn
form: m.sg.nom
element 3
dependency: amod→4
gd͒ь
gdъ
lemma: Gospod 'Lord' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
Endings commonly used by Punčo (gda, gdu) are typical of o-stems. OCS Gospodь was originally an i-stem, what is still reflected on the vocative g-di (cf. Lunt 2001:75). Older sg.gen gospodně (often abbreviated gdně) indicate influence of n-stems like dьnь. These are handled as a sg.gen soft-stem possessive adjectives (lemma Gospoden).
inflection: irregular
tag: Nmsny
form: m.sg.nom
element 4
dependency: nsubj→7
bg̃ь
bgъ
lemma: bog 'god' SJS search
inflection: monosyllabic noun
tag: Nmsny
form: m.sg.nom
element 5
dependency: appos→4
táko
tako
lemma: taka 'thus' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS tako
suffixes: manner -ako, n.sg.gen -a (?)
tag: Pr
form: relative
element 6
dependency: advmod→7
réče
reče
lemma: reka 'say' SJS SNSP Miklosich LOVe search
CS rešti, 1sg.prs rekǫ, 2sg rečeši, 1sg.aor rěxъ, 2sg reče. Considered biaspectual in SJS/SNSP because of common use in present participles (Kamphuis 2016:219, link). Tagged as perfective in OCS too, because of contrast to glagolati.
inflection: e-verb
tag: Vmia3se
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
element 7
dependency: root→0
da+
da
lemma: da 'to' search
See the Reference Grammar for more details on the use of its function.
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 8
dependency: mark→9
ĭmatь
imatъ
lemma: imam 'have' SJS LOVe search
CS iměti (irregular ě-/a-verb: 1sg.prs imamь, 2sg imaši) or imati (an a-/je-verb: 1sg.prs emljǫ, 2sg emlješi, SJS - link). Punčo uses various 3pl.prs forms - e.g. in chapter 062a, sentences following each other show imutь, imajutь and imatь.
inflection: a-verb
tag: Vmip3si
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
element 9
dependency: advcl→7
moskále,
moskale
lemma: moskal 'Muscovite' search
inflection: jo-stem noun
tag: Nmpny
form: m.pl.nom
element 10
dependency: nsubj→9
sʾila
sila
lemma: sila 'power' search
inflection: ā-stem noun
tag: Nfsnn
form: f.sg.nom
element 11
dependency: obj→9
wt
ot
lemma: ot 'from' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS otъ
tag: Sg
form: preposition
element 12
dependency: case→13
savíše
saviše
lemma: sviše 'from above' search
CS sъvyše (histdict.uni-sofia: link)
prefixes: delative sъ-
suffixes: C-stem sg.gen/loc -e
tag: R
form: adverb
element 13
dependency: amod→11
ʾi+
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 14
dependency: cc→16
da+
da
lemma: da 'to' search
See the Reference Grammar for more details on the use of its function.
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 15
dependency: mark→16
pokóratь
pokoratъ
lemma: pokorja 'subdue' LOVe search
inflection: i-verb
prefixes: delimitative po-
tag: Vmip3pe
form: 3pl.prs (pf)
element 16
dependency: conj→9
svi
svi
lemma: sve 'all' search
A dialectal variant of vse, preferred by Punčo. The n.sg form chosen, as the lemma is often used as a N (ʹeverythingʹ) or R (ʹfullyʹ).
inflection: mixed pronominal
tag: Afpnn
form: f.pl.nom/acc
element 17
dependency: amod:det→19
te
te
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-fpn
form: f.pl.nom
element 18
dependency: det:p_adj→17
véri
veri
lemma: věra 'faith, belief' LOVe search
Punčo seems to use it in the meaning ʹnationʹ too, e.g. nadviva na svi+te veri ʹ(Muscovy) is defeating all the faiths/nationsʹ.
inflection: ā-stem noun
tag: Nfpnn
form: f.pl.nom/acc
element 19
dependency: obj→16
ʾi+
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 20
dependency: cc→21
ezičníci
ezičnici
lemma: ezičnik 'heathen' search
inflection: o-stem noun
suffixes: agent -ьnikъ
tag: Nmpny
form: m.pl.nom
element 21
dependency: conj→19
pódь
podъ
lemma: pod 'under' search
tag: Si
form: preposition
element 22
dependency: case→24
svojù
svoju
lemma: svoi 'of oneself' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
A reflexive-possessive adjective.
inflection: soft pronominal
suffixes: possessive -ьj-
tag: Afsay
form: f.sg.acc.pron
element 23
dependency: amod:poss→24
vla͒(st)
vlast
lemma: vlast 'power' search
inflection: i-stem noun
suffixes: verbal noun -tь
tag: Nfsnn
form: f.sg.nom
element 24
dependency: obl→16