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sentence 29
ʾi+ lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
brь_knu lemma: brъkna 'reach (into something)'
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
sásь lemma: s 'with'
form: preposition
listo lemma: list 'leaf'
form: m.sg.def
u+ lemma: u 'at'
form: preposition
čáša+ lemma: čaša 'cup'
form: f.sg.nom
ta lemma: tъ 'the'
form: f.sg.nom
bóžemь lemma: božem 'apparently, suddenly'
form: adverb
And he dipped the leaf into the cup at once,
kato lemma: kato 'as'
form: conjunction
če+ lemma: če 'that'
form: conjunction
štè lemma: šta 'want'
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
da+ lemma: da 'to'
form: conjunction
ĭzvadi lemma: izvadja 'bring out'
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
rúsь lemma: rъs 'dust'
form: f.sg.nom
sasь lemma: s 'with'
form: preposition
lí_sto lemma: list 'leaf'
form: m.sg.def
ʾisь lemma: iz 'from'
form: preposition
čáša+ lemma: čaša 'cup'
form: f.sg.nom
ta lemma: tъ 'the'
form: f.sg.nom
as if to remove the dust with the leaf from the cup.
total elements: 19
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ROOT i brъknu sasъ listo u čaša ta božemъ kato če šte da izvadi rusъ sasъ listo isъ čaša ta
cc(i-2, brъknu-3)
root(brъknu-3, ROOT)
case(sasъ-4, listo-5)
obl:p_nom(listo-5, brъknu-3)
case(u-6, čaša-7)
obl(čaša-7, brъknu-3)
det:p_nom(ta-8, čaša-7)
advmod(božemъ-9, brъknu-3)
mark(kato-10, izvadi-14)
fixed(če-11, kato-10)
aux:fut(šte-12, izvadi-14)
fixed:inf(da-13, šte-12)
advcl(izvadi-14, brъknu-3)
obj(rusъ-15, izvadi-14)
case(sasъ-16, listo-17)
obl:p_nom(listo-17, izvadi-14)
case(isъ-18, čaša-19)
obl:abl(čaša-19, izvadi-14)
det:p_nom(ta-20, čaša-19)ʾi+
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 1
dependency: cc→2
brь_knu
brъknu
lemma: brъkna 'reach (into something)' search
inflection: e-verb
suffixes: perfective -nǫ-
tag: Vmia3se
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
element 2
dependency: root→0
sásь
sasъ
lemma: s 'with' search
tag: Si
form: preposition
element 3
dependency: case→4
listo
listo
lemma: list 'leaf' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
An o-stem in CS.
inflection: monosyllabic noun
tag: Nmson
form: m.sg.def
element 4
dependency: obl:p_nom→2
u+
u
lemma: u 'at' search
tag: Sg
form: preposition
element 5
dependency: case→6
čáša+
čaša
lemma: čaša 'cup' search
inflection: jā-stem noun
tag: Nfsnn
form: f.sg.nom
element 6
dependency: obl→2
ta
ta
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-fsn
form: f.sg.nom
element 7
dependency: det:p_nom→6
bóžemь
božemъ
lemma: božem 'apparently, suddenly' search
BAN I 62: božem ʹuž, kato če liʹ < bo + že, kato krainoto -m se e razvilo pod vlijanie na narečija kato pъtem, denem
suffixes: n.sg.inst -omь
tag: R
form: adverb
element 8
dependency: advmod→2
kato
kato
lemma: kato 'as' search
suffixes: demonstrative -to
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 9
dependency: mark→13
če+
če
lemma: če 'that' search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 10
dependency: fixed→9
štè
šte
lemma: šta 'want' LOVe search
Includes the future particle šte - Punčo still inflects it for person, using a full da-construction (e.g. 2pl štete da rečete ʹyou will sayʹ), but there are also other forms attested, e.g. "indefinite future" with a synthetic infinitive (2sg uze štešь potrebiju ʹyou will get what you needʹ).
The lemma belongs to a group of auxiliary verbs, which require the main verb in infinitive or in da-construction (cf. Mirčev 1978:235)
inflection: e-verb
tag: Vaip3si
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
element 11
dependency: aux:fut→13
da+
da
lemma: da 'to' search
See the Reference Grammar for more details on the use of its function.
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 12
dependency: fixed:inf→11
ĭzvadi
izvadi
lemma: izvadja 'bring out' search
inflection: i-verb
prefixes: ablative iz-
tag: Vmia3se
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
element 13
dependency: advcl→2
rúsь
rusъ
lemma: rъs 'dust' search
Punčo: rus, cf. BAN VI 349, 377: rus, rъs ʹpraxʹ
inflection: i-stem noun
tag: Nfsnn
form: f.sg.nom
element 14
dependency: obj→13
sasь
sasъ
lemma: s 'with' search
tag: Si
form: preposition
element 15
dependency: case→16
lí_sto
listo
lemma: list 'leaf' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
An o-stem in CS.
inflection: monosyllabic noun
tag: Nmson
form: m.sg.def
element 16
dependency: obl:p_nom→13
ʾisь
isъ
lemma: iz 'from' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
As a prefix, in CS /z/ is usually assimilated to voiceless consonants in the root onset; in Punčoʹs dialect, it is also often shortened to s- (e.g. skusen ʹexperiencedʹ).
tag: Sg
form: preposition
element 17
dependency: case→18
čáša+
čaša
lemma: čaša 'cup' search
inflection: jā-stem noun
tag: Nfsnn
form: f.sg.nom
element 18
dependency: obl:abl→13
ta
ta
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-fsn
form: f.sg.nom
element 19
dependency: det:p_nom→18