chapter view
sentence 14
ʾi+ lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
po+ lemma: po 'after, along, according to'
form: preposition
nékol͛ko lemma: několko 'some'
form: indefinite
dnì lemma: den 'day'
form: m.pl.nom
počéxu lemma: počna 'begin'
form: 3pl.aor/impf (pf)
ʾelíne lemma: elinin 'pagan, Greek'
form: m.pl.nom
da lemma: da 'to'
form: conjunction
se lemma: se 'self'
form: refl.acc
dodúmuvatь lemma: dodumuvam 'conspire'
form: 3pl.prs (ipf)
sasь lemma: s 'with'
form: preposition
cr͂a lemma: car 'king, emperor'
form: m.sg.gen/acc.anim
da+ lemma: da 'to'
form: conjunction
mučatь lemma: mъča 'torture'
form: 3pl.prs (ipf)
xr͒tíai lemma: xristianin 'Christian'
form: m.pl.nom
[ko]_ito lemma: koito 'who'
form: pl.nom
ne+ lemma: ne 'no, not'
form: negation particle
štátь lemma: šta 'want'
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
da+ lemma: da 'to'
form: conjunction
sè lemma: se 'self'
form: refl.acc
poklánjatь lemma: poklanjam 'bow down, worship'
form: 3pl.prs (ipf)
na lemma: na 'on, to, for'
form: preposition
níx͛ni+ lemma: nixen 'their'
form: m.pl.nom.pron
te lemma: tъ 'the'
form: m.pl.nom
bg̃ove lemma: bog 'god'
form: m.pl.nom
And after a few days the pagans began conspiring with the Emperor to torture Christians who do not want to bow to their gods
total elements: 24
tree view (.svg)
linear view (Embedded brat):
view .conllu
ROOT i po nekolъko dni počexu eline da se dodumuvatъ sasъ cra da mučatъ xrtiai koito ne štatъ da se poklanjatъ na nixъni te bgove
cc(i-2, dni-5)
case(po-3, dni-5)
amod:det(nekolъko-4, dni-5)
obl(dni-5, dodumuvatъ-10)
aux(počexu-6, dodumuvatъ-10)
nsubj(eline-7, dodumuvatъ-10)
fixed:inf(da-8, počexu-6)
expl(se-9, dodumuvatъ-10)
root(dodumuvatъ-10, ROOT)
case(sasъ-11, cra-12)
obl(cra-12, dodumuvatъ-10)
mark(da-13, mučatъ-14)
advcl(mučatъ-14, dodumuvatъ-10)
obj(xrtiai-15, mučatъ-14)
mark(koito-16, poklanjatъ-21)
advmod(ne-17, štatъ-18)
aux(štatъ-18, poklanjatъ-21)
fixed:inf(da-19, štatъ-18)
expl(se-20, poklanjatъ-21)
acl(poklanjatъ-21, xrtiai-15)
case(na-22, bgove-25)
amod:poss(nixъni-23, bgove-25)
det:p_adj(te-24, nixъni-23)
obl:iobj(bgove-25, poklanjatъ-21)ʾi+
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 1
dependency: cc→4
po+
po
lemma: po 'after, along, according to' search
tag: Sd
form: preposition
element 2
dependency: case→4
nékol͛ko
nekolъko
lemma: několko 'some' search
tag: Pi
form: indefinite
element 3
dependency: amod:det→4
dnì
dni
lemma: den 'day' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS dьnь is irregular, with traces of i-, jo- and n-stem forms in the paradigm. Punčo uses pl. form dni.
inflection: irregular
tag: Nmpnn
form: m.pl.nom
element 4
dependency: obl→9
počéxu
počexu
lemma: počna 'begin' LOVe search
CS počęti. If used as an auxiliary verb, the main verb is in infinitive or in da-construction (cf. Mirčev 1978:235)
inflection: e-verb
prefixes: delimitative po-
tag: Vmii3pe
form: 3pl.aor/impf (pf)
element 5
dependency: aux→9
ʾelíne
eline
lemma: elinin 'pagan, Greek' search
Punčo uses sometimes sg.nom elinь too.
inflection: ethno-stem noun
suffixes: singulative -inъ
tag: Nmpny
form: m.pl.nom
element 6
dependency: nsubj→9
da
da
lemma: da 'to' search
See the Reference Grammar for more details on the use of its function.
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 7
dependency: fixed:inf→5
se
se
lemma: se 'self' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS sę. The lemma is used for all forms of the reflexive pronoun. Annotation: sebe Px---g, si (and CS sebě) Px---d, se (or sę) Px---a, soboju (or sobojǫ) Px---i.
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Px---a
form: refl.acc
element 8
dependency: expl→9
dodúmuvatь
dodumuvatъ
lemma: dodumuvam 'conspire' search
A reflexive verb used by Punčo.
inflection: a-verb
prefixes: final do-
suffixes: iterative -ova-
tag: Vmip3pi
form: 3pl.prs (ipf)
element 9
dependency: root→0
sasь
sasъ
lemma: s 'with' search
tag: Si
form: preposition
element 10
dependency: case→11
cr͂a
cra
lemma: car 'king, emperor' SJS search
OCS cěsarь, commonly shortened already in oldest texts.
Punčo uses old jo- (pl.nom cari) or monosyllabic stem endings (carove), but elsewhere we can seen also old i-stem endings (carie). Modern BG uses -e taken from other paradigms. The oscillation between i- and jo-stem is also reflected in modern CS grammars (cf. Bončev 1952:16, Mironova 2010:52).
inflection: jo-stem noun
tag: Nmsgy
form: m.sg.gen/acc.anim
element 11
dependency: obl→9
da+
da
lemma: da 'to' search
See the Reference Grammar for more details on the use of its function.
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 12
dependency: mark→13
mučatь
mučatъ
lemma: mъča 'torture' SJS LOVe search
CS mǫčiti
inflection: i-verb
tag: Vmip3pi
form: 3pl.prs (ipf)
element 13
dependency: advcl→9
xr͒tíai
xrtiai
lemma: xristianin 'Christian' search
Punčo uses both -e and -i in pl.nom (6 vs. 9 in first 20 ch.)
inflection: ethno-stem noun
suffixes: singulative -inъ
tag: Nmpny
form: m.pl.nom
element 14
dependency: obj→13
[ko]_ito
koito
lemma: koito 'who' search
Pr---g kogoto, Pr---d komuto
inflection: nominal pronoun
suffixes: demonstrative -to
tag: Pr--pn
form: pl.nom
element 15
dependency: mark→20
ne+
ne
lemma: ne 'no, not' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: Qz
form: negation particle
element 16
dependency: advmod→17
štátь
štatъ
lemma: šta 'want' LOVe search
Includes the future particle šte - Punčo still inflects it for person, using a full da-construction (e.g. 2pl štete da rečete ʹyou will sayʹ), but there are also other forms attested, e.g. "indefinite future" with a synthetic infinitive (2sg uze štešь potrebiju ʹyou will get what you needʹ).
The lemma belongs to a group of auxiliary verbs, which require the main verb in infinitive or in da-construction (cf. Mirčev 1978:235)
inflection: e-verb
tag: Vaip3pi
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
element 17
dependency: aux→20
da+
da
lemma: da 'to' search
See the Reference Grammar for more details on the use of its function.
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 18
dependency: fixed:inf→17
sè
se
lemma: se 'self' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS sę. The lemma is used for all forms of the reflexive pronoun. Annotation: sebe Px---g, si (and CS sebě) Px---d, se (or sę) Px---a, soboju (or sobojǫ) Px---i.
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Px---a
form: refl.acc
element 19
dependency: expl→20
poklánjatь
poklanjatъ
lemma: poklanjam 'bow down, worship' search
inflection: a-verb
prefixes: delimitative po-
suffixes: iterative -ja-
tag: Vmip3pi
form: 3pl.prs (ipf)
element 20
dependency: acl→14
na
na
lemma: na 'on, to, for' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
In OCS also ʹagainstʹ (with acc). The dative-like meaning ʹforʹ is attested from the 14th c. onwards.
tag: Sa
form: preposition
element 21
dependency: case→24
níx͛ni+
nixъni
lemma: nixen 'their' search
dialectal variant of těxen (cf. BAN IV 657)
inflection: hard adjectival
suffixes: relational -ьn-
tag: Ampny
form: m.pl.nom.pron
element 22
dependency: amod:poss→24
te
te
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-mpn
form: m.pl.nom
element 23
dependency: det:p_adj→22
bg̃ove
bgove
lemma: bog 'god' SJS search
inflection: monosyllabic noun
tag: Nmpny
form: m.pl.nom
element 24
dependency: obl:iobj→20