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sentence 616
kakvò lemma: kakvo 'what'
form: interrogative
ču lemma: čuja 'hear'
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
cr̃ь lemma: car 'king, emperor'
form: m.sg.nom
ʾi+ lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
za+ lemma: za 'for, about'
form: preposition
drьvó+ lemma: dъrvo 'wood, tree'
form: n.sg.nom/acc
to lemma: tъ 'the'
form: n.sg.nom
When the Emperor heard about the tree,
povelè lemma: povelja 'give an order'
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
da+ lemma: da 'to'
form: conjunction
gò lemma: toi 'he'
form: m.3sg.gen/acc (short)
wtsečutь lemma: otseka 'cut off'
form: 3pl.prs (pf)
he commanded to cut it down,
da+ lemma: da 'to'
form: conjunction
ne+ lemma: ne 'no, not'
form: negation particle
bí+ lemma: sъm 'be'
form: 2/3sg.cond
se lemma: se 'self'
form: refl.acc
ʾi+ lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
wt lemma: ot 'from'
form: preposition
drь_vó+ lemma: dъrvo 'wood, tree'
form: n.sg.nom/acc
to lemma: tъ 'the'
form: n.sg.nom
storílo lemma: storja 'cause'
form: l-ptcp (pf)
alt.analysis: n.sg.nom/acc
nékoja lemma: někoi 'someone'
form: n.pl.nom/acc
alt.analysis: f.sg.nom
čudésa lemma: čudo 'miracle'
form: n.pl.nom/acc
so that no (more) miracles would happen on (lit. from) the tree.
total elements: 22
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ROOT kakvo ču crъ i za drъvo to povele da go otsečutъ da ne bi se i ot drъvo to storilo nekoja čudesa
mark(kakvo-2, ču-3)
advcl(ču-3, povele-9)
nsubj(crъ-4, ču-3)
discourse(i-5, drъvo-7)
case(za-6, drъvo-7)
obl(drъvo-7, ču-3)
det:p_nom(to-8, drъvo-7)
root(povele-9, ROOT)
mark(da-10, otsečutъ-12)
obj(go-11, otsečutъ-12)
advcl(otsečutъ-12, povele-9)
mark(da-13, storilo-21)
advmod(ne-14, bi-15)
aux:con(bi-15, storilo-21)
expl(se-16, storilo-21)
amod(i-17, drъvo-19)
case(ot-18, drъvo-19)
obl(drъvo-19, storilo-21)
det:p_nom(to-20, drъvo-19)
advcl(storilo-21, otsečutъ-12)
amod:det(nekoja-22, čudesa-23)
nsubj(čudesa-23, storilo-21)kakvò
kakvo
lemma: kakvo 'what' search
Handled as A, if used adnominally.
suffixes: demonstrative -vo
tag: Pq
form: interrogative
element 1
dependency: mark→2
ču
ču
lemma: čuja 'hear' SJS SNSP Miklosich LOVe search
CS čuti has a more general meaning ʹperceive, feelʹ and also ʹunderstandʹ.
inflection: e-verb
tag: Vmia3se
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
element 2
dependency: advcl→8
cr̃ь
crъ
lemma: car 'king, emperor' SJS search
OCS cěsarь, commonly shortened already in oldest texts.
Punčo uses old jo- (pl.nom cari) or monosyllabic stem endings (carove), but elsewhere we can seen also old i-stem endings (carie). Modern BG uses -e taken from other paradigms. The oscillation between i- and jo-stem is also reflected in modern CS grammars (cf. Bončev 1952:16, Mironova 2010:52).
inflection: jo-stem noun
tag: Nmsny
form: m.sg.nom
element 3
dependency: nsubj→2
ʾi+
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 4
dependency: discourse→6
za+
za
lemma: za 'for, about' search
tag: Sg
form: preposition
element 5
dependency: case→6
drьvó+
drъvo
lemma: dъrvo 'wood, tree' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS drěvo (inflected as o- or s-stem) or plurale tantum drъva
inflection: nt-stem noun
tag: Nnsnn
form: n.sg.nom/acc
element 6
dependency: obl→2
to
to
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-nsn
form: n.sg.nom
element 7
dependency: det:p_nom→6
povelè
povele
lemma: povelja 'give an order' SJS LOVe search
CS povelěti
inflection: i-verb
prefixes: delimitative po-
suffixes: stative -ě-
tag: Vmia3se
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
element 8
dependency: root→0
da+
da
lemma: da 'to' search
See the Reference Grammar for more details on the use of its function.
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 9
dependency: mark→11
gò
go
lemma: toi 'he' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
Also used for m3sg personal pronoun based on the root *j-. Annotation of oblique forms: nego Pp3msg, nemu or mu Pp3msd, go Pp3msa
Punčo prefers on as the m.3sg.nom form.
inflection: nominal pronoun
suffixes: demonstrative -j-
tag: Pp3msa
form: m.3sg.gen/acc (short)
element 10
dependency: obj→11
wtsečutь
otsečutъ
lemma: otseka 'cut off' LOVe search
inflection: e-verb
prefixes: ablative otъ-
tag: Vmip3pe
form: 3pl.prs (pf)
element 11
dependency: advcl→8
da+
da
lemma: da 'to' search
See the Reference Grammar for more details on the use of its function.
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 12
dependency: mark→20
ne+
ne
lemma: ne 'no, not' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: Qz
form: negation particle
element 13
dependency: advmod→14
bí+
bi
lemma: sъm 'be' SJS LOVe search
Used for most forms of the ʹbeʹ verb, including the (CS) infinitive byti, and excluding only perfective forms based on present stem bъda. In OCS, bъda is used also for the infinitive and other forms based on the aorist stem.
inflection: athematic
tag: Vao-3se
form: 2/3sg.cond
element 14
dependency: aux:con→20
se
se
lemma: se 'self' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS sę. The lemma is used for all forms of the reflexive pronoun. Annotation: sebe Px---g, si (and CS sebě) Px---d, se (or sę) Px---a, soboju (or sobojǫ) Px---i.
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Px---a
form: refl.acc
element 15
dependency: expl→20
ʾi+
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 16
dependency: amod→18
wt
ot
lemma: ot 'from' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS otъ
tag: Sg
form: preposition
element 17
dependency: case→18
drь_vó+
drъvo
lemma: dъrvo 'wood, tree' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS drěvo (inflected as o- or s-stem) or plurale tantum drъva
inflection: nt-stem noun
tag: Nnsnn
form: n.sg.nom/acc
element 18
dependency: obl→20
to
to
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-nsn
form: n.sg.nom
element 19
dependency: det:p_nom→18
storílo
storilo
lemma: storja 'cause' search
inflection: i-verb
tag: Vmp--se or Ansnn
form: l-ptcp (pf) or n.sg.nom/acc
element 20
dependency: advcl→11
nékoja
nekoja
lemma: někoi 'someone' search
Handled as A, if used adnominally (e.g. někoi člkь).
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Anpnn or Afsnn
form: n.pl.nom/acc or f.sg.nom
element 21
dependency: amod:det→22
čudésa
čudesa
lemma: čudo 'miracle' search
Commonly written čjudo in CS and older sources. Punčo prefers spelling čudo, and also uses it in the more general meaning ʹstoryʹ, not necessarily miraculous.
inflection: s-stem noun
tag: Nnpnn
form: n.pl.nom/acc
element 22
dependency: nsubj→20