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sentence 509
povelè lemma: povelja 'give an order'
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
cr̃ь lemma: car 'king, emperor'
form: m.sg.nom
dá+ lemma: da 'to'
form: conjunction
ĭde lemma: ida 'go'
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
st̃i lemma: svęt 'saint'
form: m.sg.nom.pron
da+ lemma: da 'to'
form: conjunction
pokáže lemma: pokaža 'show'
form: 3sg.prs (pf)
na+ lemma: na 'on, to, for'
form: preposition
vóĭne+ lemma: voin 'warrior'
form: m.pl.nom
te lemma: tъ 'the'
form: m.pl.nom
mestó+ lemma: město 'place'
form: n.sg.nom/acc
to lemma: tъ 'the'
form: n.sg.nom
kadé+ lemma: kъde 'where'
form: interrogative
se; lemma: se 'self'
form: refl.acc
kríeše lemma: krija 'hide'
form: 2/3sg.impf (ipf)
st̃i lemma: svęt 'saint'
form: m.sg.nom.pron
ʾer͛molája lemma: Ermolai 'Hermolaus'
form: m.sg.def
The Emperor commanded the saint, to go and show the soldiers the place, where St. Hermolaus was hiding.
total elements: 17
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ROOT povele crъ da ide sti da pokaže na voine te mesto to kade se krieše sti erъmolaja
root(povele-2, ROOT)
nsubj(crъ-3, povele-2)
mark(da-4, ide-5)
advcl(ide-5, povele-2)
nsubj(sti-6, ide-5)
mark(da-7, pokaže-8)
advcl(pokaže-8, ide-5)
case(na-9, voine-10)
obl:iobj(voine-10, pokaže-8)
det:p_nom(te-11, voine-10)
obj(mesto-12, pokaže-8)
det:p_nom(to-13, mesto-12)
mark(kade-14, krieše-16)
expl(se-15, krieše-16)
acl(krieše-16, mesto-12)
amod(sti-17, erъmolaja-18)
nsubj(erъmolaja-18, krieše-16)povelè
povele
lemma: povelja 'give an order' SJS LOVe search
CS povelěti
inflection: i-verb
prefixes: delimitative po-
suffixes: stative -ě-
tag: Vmia3se
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
element 1
dependency: root→0
cr̃ь
crъ
lemma: car 'king, emperor' SJS search
OCS cěsarь, commonly shortened already in oldest texts.
Punčo uses old jo- (pl.nom cari) or monosyllabic stem endings (carove), but elsewhere we can seen also old i-stem endings (carie). Modern BG uses -e taken from other paradigms. The oscillation between i- and jo-stem is also reflected in modern CS grammars (cf. Bončev 1952:16, Mironova 2010:52).
inflection: jo-stem noun
tag: Nmsny
form: m.sg.nom
element 2
dependency: nsubj→1
dá+
da
lemma: da 'to' search
See the Reference Grammar for more details on the use of its function.
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 3
dependency: mark→4
ĭde
ide
lemma: ida 'go' SJS SNSP Miklosich LOVe search
CS iti, 1sg idǫ, 2sg ideši. Biaspectual in SJS.
inflection: e-verb
tag: Vmip3si
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
element 4
dependency: advcl→1
st̃i
sti
lemma: svęt 'saint' LOVe search
inflection: hard adjectival
tag: Amsny
form: m.sg.nom.pron
element 5
dependency: nsubj→4
da+
da
lemma: da 'to' search
See the Reference Grammar for more details on the use of its function.
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 6
dependency: mark→7
pokáže
pokaže
lemma: pokaža 'show' SJS SNSP Miklosich LOVe search
CS pokazati, 1sg.prs pokažǫ also ʹpunishʹ.
inflection: e-verb
prefixes: delimitative po-
tag: Vmip3se
form: 3sg.prs (pf)
element 7
dependency: advcl→4
na+
na
lemma: na 'on, to, for' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
In OCS also ʹagainstʹ (with acc). The dative-like meaning ʹforʹ is attested from the 14th c. onwards.
tag: Sa
form: preposition
element 8
dependency: case→9
vóĭne+
voine
lemma: voin 'warrior' search
Punčo prefers voine as the pl. form.
inflection: jo-stem noun
suffixes: singulative -inъ
tag: Nmpny
form: m.pl.nom
element 9
dependency: obl:iobj→7
te
te
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-mpn
form: m.pl.nom
element 10
dependency: det:p_nom→9
mestó+
mesto
lemma: město 'place' search
inflection: o-stem noun
tag: Nnsnn
form: n.sg.nom/acc
element 11
dependency: obj→7
to
to
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-nsn
form: n.sg.nom
element 12
dependency: det:p_nom→11
kadé+
kade
lemma: kъde 'where' search
BG variant of CS gde - used, when the jer is reflected in the text.
suffixes: C-stem sg.gen/loc -e
tag: Pq
form: interrogative
element 13
dependency: mark→15
se;
se
lemma: se 'self' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS sę. The lemma is used for all forms of the reflexive pronoun. Annotation: sebe Px---g, si (and CS sebě) Px---d, se (or sę) Px---a, soboju (or sobojǫ) Px---i.
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Px---a
form: refl.acc
element 14
dependency: expl→15
kríeše
krieše
lemma: krija 'hide' SJS LOVe search
inflection: e-verb
tag: Vmii3si
form: 2/3sg.impf (ipf)
element 15
dependency: acl→11
st̃i
sti
lemma: svęt 'saint' LOVe search
inflection: hard adjectival
tag: Amsny
form: m.sg.nom.pron
element 16
dependency: amod→17
ʾer͛molája
erъmolaja
lemma: Ermolai 'Hermolaus' search
inflection: new i-stem noun
tag: Nmsoy
form: m.sg.def
element 17
dependency: nsubj→15