chapter view
sentence 454
povelè lemma: povelja 'give an order'
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
cr̃ь lemma: car 'king, emperor'
form: m.sg.nom
The Emperor commanded,
do lemma: do 'until'
form: preposition
trí lemma: tri 'three'
form: text numeral
dni lemma: den 'day'
form: m.pl.nom
ʾáko+ lemma: ako 'if'
form: conjunction
se lemma: se 'self'
form: refl.acc
ne+ lemma: ne 'no, not'
form: negation particle
poklóni lemma: poklonja 'worship, bow, give a present'
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
na+ lemma: na 'on, to, for'
form: preposition
ĭdole lemma: idol 'idol'
form: m.pl.nom
if after three days he would not bow to the idols,
da+ lemma: da 'to'
form: conjunction
gò lemma: toi 'he'
form: m.3sg.gen/acc (short)
frьlatь lemma: fъrlja 'throw'
form: 3pl.prs (pf)
prédь lemma: pred 'in front'
form: preposition
źvérove+ lemma: zvěr 'beast'
form: m.pl.nom
te lemma: tъ 'the'
form: m.pl.nom
to be thrown in front of the beasts,
da+ lemma: da 'to'
form: conjunction
go lemma: toi 'he'
form: m.3sg.gen/acc (short)
ʾi_zedútь lemma: izjam 'eat out'
form: 3pl.prs (pf)
to be eaten.
total elements: 20
tree view (.svg)
linear view (Embedded brat):
view .conllu
ROOT povele crъ do tri dni ako se ne pokloni na idole da go frъlatъ predъ źverove te da go izedutъ
root(povele-2, ROOT)
nsubj(crъ-3, povele-2)
case(do-4, dni-6)
nummod(tri-5, dni-6)
obl(dni-6, pokloni-10)
mark(ako-7, pokloni-10)
expl(se-8, pokloni-10)
advmod(ne-9, pokloni-10)
advcl(pokloni-10, frъlatъ-15)
case(na-11, idole-12)
obl:iobj(idole-12, pokloni-10)
mark(da-13, frъlatъ-15)
obj(go-14, frъlatъ-15)
advcl(frъlatъ-15, povele-2)
case(predъ-16, źverove-17)
obl:lat(źverove-17, frъlatъ-15)
det:p_nom(te-18, źverove-17)
mark(da-19, izedutъ-21)
obj(go-20, izedutъ-21)
advcl(izedutъ-21, frъlatъ-15)povelè
povele
lemma: povelja 'give an order' SJS LOVe search
CS povelěti
inflection: i-verb
prefixes: delimitative po-
suffixes: stative -ě-
tag: Vmia3se
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
element 1
dependency: root→0
cr̃ь
crъ
lemma: car 'king, emperor' SJS search
OCS cěsarь, commonly shortened already in oldest texts.
Punčo uses old jo- (pl.nom cari) or monosyllabic stem endings (carove), but elsewhere we can seen also old i-stem endings (carie). Modern BG uses -e taken from other paradigms. The oscillation between i- and jo-stem is also reflected in modern CS grammars (cf. Bončev 1952:16, Mironova 2010:52).
inflection: jo-stem noun
tag: Nmsny
form: m.sg.nom
element 2
dependency: nsubj→1
do
do
lemma: do 'until' search
tag: Sg
form: preposition
element 3
dependency: case→5
trí
tri
lemma: tri 'three' search
tag: Ml
form: text numeral
element 4
dependency: nummod→5
dni
dni
lemma: den 'day' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS dьnь is irregular, with traces of i-, jo- and n-stem forms in the paradigm. Punčo uses pl. form dni.
inflection: irregular
tag: Nmpnn
form: m.pl.nom
element 5
dependency: obl→9
ʾáko+
ako
lemma: ako 'if' search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 6
dependency: mark→9
se
se
lemma: se 'self' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS sę. The lemma is used for all forms of the reflexive pronoun. Annotation: sebe Px---g, si (and CS sebě) Px---d, se (or sę) Px---a, soboju (or sobojǫ) Px---i.
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Px---a
form: refl.acc
element 7
dependency: expl→9
ne+
ne
lemma: ne 'no, not' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: Qz
form: negation particle
element 8
dependency: advmod→9
poklóni
pokloni
lemma: poklonja 'worship, bow, give a present' LOVe search
The meaning ʹworshipʹ is common everywhere in Slavic, requiring a reflexive construction. The meaning ʹgive a presentʹ, attested in Punčoʹs Sbornik, is also known from SC, it is considered "archaic" by RBE.
inflection: i-verb
prefixes: delimitative po-
tag: Vmia3se
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
element 9
dependency: advcl→14
na+
na
lemma: na 'on, to, for' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
In OCS also ʹagainstʹ (with acc). The dative-like meaning ʹforʹ is attested from the 14th c. onwards.
tag: Sa
form: preposition
element 10
dependency: case→11
ĭdole
idole
lemma: idol 'idol' search
Punčo uses pl. idole (unlike st. BG idoli).
inflection: jo-stem noun
tag: Nmpnn
form: m.pl.nom
element 11
dependency: obl:iobj→9
da+
da
lemma: da 'to' search
See the Reference Grammar for more details on the use of its function.
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 12
dependency: mark→14
gò
go
lemma: toi 'he' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
Also used for m3sg personal pronoun based on the root *j-. Annotation of oblique forms: nego Pp3msg, nemu or mu Pp3msd, go Pp3msa
Punčo prefers on as the m.3sg.nom form.
inflection: nominal pronoun
suffixes: demonstrative -j-
tag: Pp3msa
form: m.3sg.gen/acc (short)
element 13
dependency: obj→14
frьlatь
frъlatъ
lemma: fъrlja 'throw' search
inflection: i-verb
tag: Vmip3pe
form: 3pl.prs (pf)
element 14
dependency: advcl→1
prédь
predъ
lemma: pred 'in front' search
CS prědъ
tag: Si
form: preposition
element 15
dependency: case→16
źvérove+
źverove
lemma: zvěr 'beast' SJS search
CS zvěrь was an i-stem. Punčo uses three plural forms: besides zverove also zverie (a i-stem) and zveri (jo-stem).
inflection: monosyllabic noun
tag: Nmpny
form: m.pl.nom
element 16
dependency: obl:lat→14
te
te
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-mpn
form: m.pl.nom
element 17
dependency: det:p_nom→16
da+
da
lemma: da 'to' search
See the Reference Grammar for more details on the use of its function.
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 18
dependency: mark→20
go
go
lemma: toi 'he' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
Also used for m3sg personal pronoun based on the root *j-. Annotation of oblique forms: nego Pp3msg, nemu or mu Pp3msd, go Pp3msa
Punčo prefers on as the m.3sg.nom form.
inflection: nominal pronoun
suffixes: demonstrative -j-
tag: Pp3msa
form: m.3sg.gen/acc (short)
element 19
dependency: obj→20
ʾi_zedútь
izedutъ
lemma: izjam 'eat out' LOVe search
3sg.prs izjade
inflection: athematic
prefixes: ablative iz-
tag: Vmip3pe
form: 3pl.prs (pf)
element 20
dependency: advcl→14