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sentence 431
w͒+ lemma: o 'oh'
form: interjection
bezúmni lemma: bezumen 'foolish'
form: m.sg.nom.pron
cr̃u lemma: car 'king, emperor'
form: m.sg.voc
kóĭ+ lemma: koi 'who'
form: nom
go+ lemma: toi 'he'
form: m.3sg.gen/acc (short)
e lemma: sъm 'be'
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
sotvorílь, lemma: sъtvorja 'create, do'
form: l-ptcp (pf)
alt.analysis: m.sg.nom
ʾwn͛+ lemma: on 'he'
form: m.3sg.nom
gw lemma: toi 'he'
form: m.3sg.gen/acc (short)
zapíra lemma: zapiram 'stop'
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
ʺO mindless Emperor, he who has created, he stops it.ʺ
total elements: 10
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ROOT o bezumni cru koi go e sotvorilъ onъ go zapira
discourse(o-2, cru-4)
amod(bezumni-3, cru-4)
vocative(cru-4, zapira-11)
mark(koi-5, sotvorilъ-8)
obj(go-6, sotvorilъ-8)
aux:prf(e-7, sotvorilъ-8)
acl(sotvorilъ-8, onъ-9)
nsubj(onъ-9, zapira-11)
obj(go-10, zapira-11)
root(zapira-11, ROOT)w͒+
o
lemma: o 'oh' search
Usually precedes vocatives.
tag: I
form: interjection
element 1
dependency: discourse→3
bezúmni
bezumni
lemma: bezumen 'foolish' search
inflection: hard adjectival
prefixes: abessive bez-
suffixes: relational -ьn-
tag: Amsny
form: m.sg.nom.pron
element 2
dependency: amod→3
cr̃u
cru
lemma: car 'king, emperor' SJS search
OCS cěsarь, commonly shortened already in oldest texts.
Punčo uses old jo- (pl.nom cari) or monosyllabic stem endings (carove), but elsewhere we can seen also old i-stem endings (carie). Modern BG uses -e taken from other paradigms. The oscillation between i- and jo-stem is also reflected in modern CS grammars (cf. Bončev 1952:16, Mironova 2010:52).
inflection: jo-stem noun
tag: Nmsvy
form: m.sg.voc
element 3
dependency: vocative→10
kóĭ+
koi
lemma: koi 'who' search
Handled as A, if used adnominally, especially in CS, e.g. koeju xitrostiju ʹby what kind of cunningʹ. Pq---g kogo, Pq---d komu etc.
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Pq---n
form: nom
element 4
dependency: mark→7
go+
go
lemma: toi 'he' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
Also used for m3sg personal pronoun based on the root *j-. Annotation of oblique forms: nego Pp3msg, nemu or mu Pp3msd, go Pp3msa
Punčo prefers on as the m.3sg.nom form.
inflection: nominal pronoun
suffixes: demonstrative -j-
tag: Pp3msa
form: m.3sg.gen/acc (short)
element 5
dependency: obj→7
e
e
lemma: sъm 'be' SJS LOVe search
Used for most forms of the ʹbeʹ verb, including the (CS) infinitive byti, and excluding only perfective forms based on present stem bъda. In OCS, bъda is used also for the infinitive and other forms based on the aorist stem.
inflection: athematic
tag: Vaip3si
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
element 6
dependency: aux:prf→7
sotvorílь,
sotvorilъ
lemma: sъtvorja 'create, do' SJS SNSP Miklosich LOVe search
inflection: i-verb
prefixes: delative sъ-
tag: Vmp--se or Amsnn
form: l-ptcp (pf) or m.sg.nom
element 7
dependency: acl→8
ʾwn͛+
onъ
lemma: on 'he' search
Used for both personal (Pp3msn, as a dialectal variant of toi) and distal demonstrative pronoun.
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pp3msn
form: m.3sg.nom
element 8
dependency: nsubj→10
gw
go
lemma: toi 'he' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
Also used for m3sg personal pronoun based on the root *j-. Annotation of oblique forms: nego Pp3msg, nemu or mu Pp3msd, go Pp3msa
Punčo prefers on as the m.3sg.nom form.
inflection: nominal pronoun
suffixes: demonstrative -j-
tag: Pp3msa
form: m.3sg.gen/acc (short)
element 9
dependency: obj→10
zapíra
zapira
lemma: zapiram 'stop' LOVe search
inflection: a-verb
prefixes: postlative za-
tag: Vmip3si
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
element 10
dependency: root→0