chapter view
sentence 113
wnískose lemma: Oniskos 'Oniscus'
form: m.sg.voc
sásь lemma: s 'with'
form: preposition
krь´stь lemma: krъst 'cross'
form: m.sg.nom/acc
xočešь lemma: xoču 'will'
form: 2sg.prs (ipf)
da+ lemma: da 'to'
form: conjunction
pobe_dišь lemma: pobedja 'defeat, gain victory'
form: 2sg.prs (pf)
ʾi+ lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
da+ lemma: da 'to'
form: conjunction
nadvíešь lemma: nadvija 'defeat'
form: 2sg.prs (pf)
na+ lemma: na 'on, to, for'
form: preposition
sví+ lemma: sve 'all'
form: m.sg.nom
te lemma: tъ 'the'
form: m.pl.nom
tvóĭ lemma: tvoi 'your'
form: m.sg.nom.pron
cr̃o_ve lemma: car 'king, emperor'
form: m.pl.nom
ʾi+ lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
na+ lemma: na 'on, to, for'
form: preposition
svi+ lemma: sve 'all'
form: m.sg.nom
te lemma: tъ 'the'
form: m.pl.nom
cr̃ovi lemma: carev 'kingʹs'
form: m.pl.nom
vóĭne. lemma: voin 'warrior'
form: m.pl.nom
ʺO Oniscus, with the cross you will defeat and conquer all your kings and all the soldiers of the king.ʺ
total elements: 20
tree view (.svg)
linear view (Embedded brat):
view .conllu
ROOT oniskose sasъ krъstъ xočešъ da pobedišъ i da nadviešъ na svi te tvoi crove i na svi te crovi voine
vocative(oniskose-2, pobedišъ-7)
case(sasъ-3, krъstъ-4)
obl(krъstъ-4, pobedišъ-7)
aux:fut(xočešъ-5, pobedišъ-7)
fixed:inf(da-6, xočešъ-5)
root(pobedišъ-7, ROOT)
cc(i-8, nadviešъ-10)
aux(da-9, nadviešъ-10)
conj(nadviešъ-10, pobedišъ-7)
case(na-11, crove-15)
amod:det(svi-12, crove-15)
det:p_adj(te-13, svi-12)
amod:poss(tvoi-14, crove-15)
obl(crove-15, pobedišъ-7)
cc(i-16, voine-21)
case(na-17, voine-21)
amod:det(svi-18, voine-21)
det:p_adj(te-19, svi-18)
amod:poss(crovi-20, voine-21)
conj(voine-21, crove-15)wnískose
oniskose
lemma: Oniskos 'Oniscus' search
Punčoʹs rendering of Neanii, the pagan name of St. Procopius. Likely misread as Ioanniskos, a diminutive of Ioannēs (once given as ïwanískosь by Punčo). Possibly alluding to gr. oniskos ʹ(little) donkeyʹ?
inflection: o-stem noun
tag: Nmsvy
form: m.sg.voc
element 1
dependency: vocative→6
sásь
sasъ
lemma: s 'with' search
tag: Si
form: preposition
element 2
dependency: case→3
krь´stь
krъstъ
lemma: krъst 'cross' SJS search
inflection: monosyllabic noun
tag: Nmsnn
form: m.sg.nom/acc
element 3
dependency: obl→6
xočešь
xočešъ
lemma: xoču 'will' LOVe search
A variant of šta, likely a SC (or possibly Eastern CS) influence, also often used as future auxilia. Used if /č/ is a part of the word form. Punčo uses for 3pl.prs forms both xočat and xočut.
inflection: e-verb
tag: Vaip2si
form: 2sg.prs (ipf)
element 4
dependency: aux:fut→6
da+
da
lemma: da 'to' search
See the Reference Grammar for more details on the use of its function.
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 5
dependency: fixed:inf→4
pobe_dišь
pobedišъ
lemma: pobedja 'defeat, gain victory' LOVe search
inflection: i-verb
prefixes: delimitative po-
tag: Vmip2se
form: 2sg.prs (pf)
element 6
dependency: root→0
ʾi+
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 7
dependency: cc→9
da+
da
lemma: da 'to' search
See the Reference Grammar for more details on the use of its function.
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 8
dependency: aux→9
nadvíešь
nadviešъ
lemma: nadvija 'defeat' LOVe search
Object usually in dative (e.g. crь mu nadvi ʹthe emperor defeated himʹ).
inflection: e-verb
prefixes: superlative nadъ-
tag: Vmip2se
form: 2sg.prs (pf)
element 9
dependency: conj→6
na+
na
lemma: na 'on, to, for' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
In OCS also ʹagainstʹ (with acc). The dative-like meaning ʹforʹ is attested from the 14th c. onwards.
tag: Sa
form: preposition
element 10
dependency: case→14
sví+
svi
lemma: sve 'all' search
A dialectal variant of vse, preferred by Punčo. The n.sg form chosen, as the lemma is often used as a N (ʹeverythingʹ) or R (ʹfullyʹ).
inflection: mixed pronominal
tag: Amsnn
form: m.sg.nom
element 11
dependency: amod:det→14
te
te
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-mpn
form: m.pl.nom
element 12
dependency: det:p_adj→11
tvóĭ
tvoi
lemma: tvoi 'your' search
inflection: soft pronominal
suffixes: possessive -ьj-
tag: Amsny
form: m.sg.nom.pron
element 13
dependency: amod:poss→14
cr̃o_ve
crove
lemma: car 'king, emperor' SJS search
OCS cěsarь, commonly shortened already in oldest texts.
Punčo uses old jo- (pl.nom cari) or monosyllabic stem endings (carove), but elsewhere we can seen also old i-stem endings (carie). Modern BG uses -e taken from other paradigms. The oscillation between i- and jo-stem is also reflected in modern CS grammars (cf. Bončev 1952:16, Mironova 2010:52).
inflection: jo-stem noun
tag: Nmpny
form: m.pl.nom
element 14
dependency: obl→6
ʾi+
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 15
dependency: cc→20
na+
na
lemma: na 'on, to, for' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
In OCS also ʹagainstʹ (with acc). The dative-like meaning ʹforʹ is attested from the 14th c. onwards.
tag: Sa
form: preposition
element 16
dependency: case→20
svi+
svi
lemma: sve 'all' search
A dialectal variant of vse, preferred by Punčo. The n.sg form chosen, as the lemma is often used as a N (ʹeverythingʹ) or R (ʹfullyʹ).
inflection: mixed pronominal
tag: Amsnn
form: m.sg.nom
element 17
dependency: amod:det→20
te
te
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-mpn
form: m.pl.nom
element 18
dependency: det:p_adj→17
cr̃ovi
crovi
lemma: carev 'kingʹs' search
Punčo uses also the hard variant carovь.
inflection: hard adjectival
suffixes: possessive -ov-
tag: Ampnn
form: m.pl.nom
element 19
dependency: amod:poss→20
vóĭne.
voine
lemma: voin 'warrior' search
Punčo prefers voine as the pl. form.
inflection: jo-stem noun
suffixes: singulative -inъ
tag: Nmpny
form: m.pl.nom
element 20
dependency: conj→14