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sentence 55
ʾáli lemma: ali 'but'
form: conjunction
ako lemma: ako 'if'
form: conjunction
pákь lemma: pak 'again'
form: adverb
ʾwѳí_demь lemma: otida 'leave, go away'
form: 1sg.prs (pf)
prì+ lemma: pri 'by'
form: preposition
moĭ+ lemma: moi 'my'
form: f.pl.nom/acc
te lemma: tъ 'the'
form: f.pl.nom
družina lemma: družina 'band, retinue'
form: f.sg.nom
štoto+ lemma: štoto 'which'
form: relative
gì lemma: tě 'they'
form: 3pl.gen/acc (short)
ʾwstavix lemma: ostavja 'leave'
form: 1sg.aor (pf)
u+ lemma: u 'at'
form: preposition
gora+ lemma: gora 'forest'
form: f.sg.nom
ta lemma: tъ 'the'
form: f.sg.nom
ʺBut if I go again to my band that I left in the forestʺ
što+ lemma: što 'what'
form: interrogative
plénexь lemma: plenjavam 'capture'
form: 1sg.impf (ipf)
séla lemma: selo 'village'
form: n.pl.nom/acc
ʾi+ lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
gradove lemma: grad 'city'
form: m.pl.nom
sas+ lemma: s 'with'
form: preposition
níxь lemma: tě 'they'
form: 3pl.gen/acc (short)
ʺand with whom I used to loot villages and townsʺ
ta lemma: ta 'and, thus'
form: conjunction
štémь lemma: šta 'want'
form: 1sg.prs (ipf)
da+ lemma: da 'to'
form: conjunction
gì lemma: tě 'they'
form: 3pl.gen/acc (short)
dovedémь lemma: doveda 'lead in'
form: 1sg.prs (pf)
ʺI will bring them with meʺ
total elements: 26
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ROOT ali ako pakъ otidemъ pri moi te družina štoto gi ostavix u gora ta što plenexъ sela i gradove sas nixъ ta štemъ da gi dovedemъ
cc(ali-2, otidemъ-5)
mark(ako-3, otidemъ-5)
advmod(pakъ-4, otidemъ-5)
advcl(otidemъ-5, dovedemъ-27)
case(pri-6, družina-9)
amod:poss(moi-7, družina-9)
det:p_adj(te-8, moi-7)
obl:lat(družina-9, otidemъ-5)
mark(štoto-10, ostavix-12)
obj(gi-11, ostavix-12)
acl(ostavix-12, družina-9)
case(u-13, gora-14)
obl:loc(gora-14, ostavix-12)
det:p_nom(ta-15, gora-14)
mark(što-16, plenexъ-17)
acl(plenexъ-17, družina-9)
obj(sela-18, plenexъ-17)
cc(i-19, gradove-20)
conj(gradove-20, sela-18)
case(sas-21, sas-21)
obl(nixъ-22, plenexъ-17)
cc(ta-23, dovedemъ-27)
aux:fut(štemъ-24, dovedemъ-27)
fixed:inf(da-25, štemъ-24)
obj(gi-26, dovedemъ-27)
root(dovedemъ-27, ROOT)ʾáli
ali
lemma: ali 'but' search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 1
dependency: cc→4
ako
ako
lemma: ako 'if' search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 2
dependency: mark→4
pákь
pakъ
lemma: pak 'again' search
tag: R
form: adverb
element 3
dependency: advmod→4
ʾwѳí_demь
otidemъ
lemma: otida 'leave, go away' LOVe search
inflection: e-verb
prefixes: ablative otъ-
tag: Vmip1se
form: 1sg.prs (pf)
element 4
dependency: advcl→26
prì+
pri
lemma: pri 'by' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: Sl
form: preposition
element 5
dependency: case→8
moĭ+
moi
lemma: moi 'my' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
inflection: soft pronominal
suffixes: possessive -ьj-
tag: Afpnn
form: f.pl.nom/acc
element 6
dependency: amod:poss→8
te
te
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-fpn
form: f.pl.nom
element 7
dependency: det:p_adj→6
družina
družina
lemma: družina 'band, retinue' search
rechnik.chitanka: družina ʹgrupa xora, koito vremenno imat obšto zanimanieʹ. Cf. also Derksen 2008:122.
inflection: jā-stem noun
suffixes: abstract -ina
tag: Nfsnn
form: f.sg.nom
element 8
dependency: obl:lat→4
štoto+
štoto
lemma: štoto 'which' search
suffixes: demonstrative -to
tag: Pr
form: relative
element 9
dependency: mark→11
gì
gi
lemma: tě 'they' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
Also used for 3pl personal pronoun based on the root *j-. Annotation of oblique forms: těx Pp3-pg, im or mgi Pp3-pd, gi or ix Pp3-pa
Punčo prefers oni as pl.nom form.
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Pp3-pa
form: 3pl.gen/acc (short)
element 10
dependency: obj→11
ʾwstavix
ostavix
lemma: ostavja 'leave' SJS SNSP Miklosich LOVe search
inflection: i-verb
prefixes: circumlative ob-
tag: Vmia1se
form: 1sg.aor (pf)
element 11
dependency: acl→8
u+
u
lemma: u 'at' search
tag: Sl
form: preposition
element 12
dependency: case→13
gora+
gora
lemma: gora 'forest' search
CS gora also ʹmountainʹ
inflection: ā-stem noun
tag: Nfsnn
form: f.sg.nom
element 13
dependency: obl:loc→11
ta
ta
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-fsn
form: f.sg.nom
element 14
dependency: det:p_nom→13
što+
što
lemma: što 'what' search
Often used as relative pronoun (without the -to suffix) by Punčo. See čьto for etymology.
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Pq
form: interrogative
element 15
dependency: mark→16
plénexь
plenexъ
lemma: plenjavam 'capture' SJS LOVe search
CS plěnjati
inflection: a-verb
suffixes: causative -i-, iterative -va-
tag: Vmii1si
form: 1sg.impf (ipf)
element 16
dependency: acl→8
séla
sela
lemma: selo 'village' SJS search
In CS with a broader meaning ʹfield, land, homestead, dwelling, tentʹ.
inflection: o-stem noun
tag: Nnpnn
form: n.pl.nom/acc
element 17
dependency: obj→16
ʾi+
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 18
dependency: cc→19
gradove
gradove
lemma: grad 'city' SJS search
inflection: monosyllabic noun
tag: Nmpnn
form: m.pl.nom
element 19
dependency: conj→17
sas+
sas
lemma: s 'with' search
tag: Si
form: preposition
element 20
dependency: case→20
níxь
nixъ
lemma: tě 'they' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
Also used for 3pl personal pronoun based on the root *j-. Annotation of oblique forms: těx Pp3-pg, im or mgi Pp3-pd, gi or ix Pp3-pa
Punčo prefers oni as pl.nom form.
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Pp3-pa
form: 3pl.gen/acc (short)
element 21
dependency: obl→16
ta
ta
lemma: ta 'and, thus' search
BAN VII 731: ta sz., čast. za dobavjane na novo, srodno i po-silno kačestvo ili obraz (= i, če), za izrazjavane na vrăzka i sledstvie (= i, da, za da), za văveždane na podčineno izrečenie za cel (= za da) ili za sledstvie (poradi koeto, če), za pojasnjavane na nešto zagatnoto (= če) etc.
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 22
dependency: cc→26
štémь
štemъ
lemma: šta 'want' LOVe search
Includes the future particle šte - Punčo still inflects it for person, using a full da-construction (e.g. 2pl štete da rečete ʹyou will sayʹ), but there are also other forms attested, e.g. "indefinite future" with a synthetic infinitive (2sg uze štešь potrebiju ʹyou will get what you needʹ).
The lemma belongs to a group of auxiliary verbs, which require the main verb in infinitive or in da-construction (cf. Mirčev 1978:235)
inflection: e-verb
tag: Vaip1si
form: 1sg.prs (ipf)
element 23
dependency: aux:fut→26
da+
da
lemma: da 'to' search
See the Reference Grammar for more details on the use of its function.
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 24
dependency: fixed:inf→23
gì
gi
lemma: tě 'they' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
Also used for 3pl personal pronoun based on the root *j-. Annotation of oblique forms: těx Pp3-pg, im or mgi Pp3-pd, gi or ix Pp3-pa
Punčo prefers oni as pl.nom form.
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Pp3-pa
form: 3pl.gen/acc (short)
element 25
dependency: obj→26
dovedémь
dovedemъ
lemma: doveda 'lead in' LOVe search
inflection: e-verb
prefixes: final do-
tag: Vmip1se
form: 1sg.prs (pf)
element 26
dependency: root→0