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sentence 123
ʾi+ lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
kogì lemma: kogi 'when'
form: relative
pádnu: lemma: padna 'fall'
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
tmà lemma: tъma 'darkness'
form: f.sg.nom
wt+ lemma: ot 'from'
form: preposition
nebó+ lemma: nebe 'heaven, sky'
form: n.sg.nom/acc
to lemma: tъ 'the'
form: n.sg.nom
tь´mna lemma: tъmen 'dark'
form: f.sg.nom
kato lemma: kato 'as'
form: conjunction
magla lemma: mъgla 'mist'
form: f.sg.nom
ʾi+ lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
nì_što+ lemma: ništo 'nothing'
form: negative
se lemma: se 'self'
form: refl.acc
žívo lemma: živ 'alive'
form: n.sg.nom/acc
ne+ lemma: ne 'no, not'
form: negation particle
vídi lemma: vidja 'see'
form: 3sg.prs (pf)
po+ lemma: po 'after, along, according to'
form: preposition
tója lemma: toja 'that'
form: m.sg.nom
st̃ь lemma: svět 'world, light'
form: m.sg.nom/acc
togíva lemma: togiva 'then'
form: relative
réče lemma: reka 'say'
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
cr̃ь lemma: car 'king, emperor'
form: m.sg.nom
da+ lemma: da 'to'
form: conjunction
prestánutь lemma: prestana 'cease'
form: 3sg.prs (pf)
wtsčénïe lemma: otsečenie 'cruelty, massacre'
form: n.sg.nom/acc
and when this darkness fell from Heaven like fog and nobody alive is seen on this world, the king said to stop the retaliation
total elements: 25
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ROOT i kogi padnu tma ot nebo to tъmna kato magla i ništo se živo ne vidi po toja stъ togiva reče crъ da prestanutъ otsčenie
cc(i-2, padnu-4)
mark(kogi-3, padnu-4)
advcl(padnu-4, reče-22)
nsubj(tma-5, padnu-4)
case(ot-6, nebo-7)
obl:abl(nebo-7, padnu-4)
det:p_nom(to-8, nebo-7)
amod(tъmna-9, tma-5)
mark(kato-10, magla-11)
advcl(magla-11, tma-5)
cc(i-12, vidi-17)
obj(ništo-13, vidi-17)
expl(se-14, vidi-17)
amod(živo-15, ništo-13)
advmod(ne-16, vidi-17)
conj(vidi-17, padnu-4)
case(po-18, stъ-20)
det:ext(toja-19, stъ-20)
obl:loc(stъ-20, vidi-17)
advmod(togiva-21, reče-22)
root(reče-22, ROOT)
nsubj(crъ-23, reče-22)
cc(da-24, prestanutъ-25)
advcl(prestanutъ-25, reče-22)
obj(otsčenie-26, prestanutъ-25)ʾi+
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 1
dependency: cc→3
kogì
kogi
lemma: kogi 'when' search
A dialectal variant of koga (cf. BAN II 515). Also attested in the Legend of Troy (spelled kogy).
tag: Pr
form: relative
element 2
dependency: mark→3
pádnu:
padnu
lemma: padna 'fall' LOVe search
inflection: e-verb
suffixes: perfective -nǫ-
tag: Vmia3se
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
element 3
dependency: advcl→21
tmà
tma
lemma: tъma 'darkness' SJS SNSP search
inflection: ā-stem noun
tag: Nfsnn
form: f.sg.nom
element 4
dependency: nsubj→3
wt+
ot
lemma: ot 'from' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS otъ
tag: Sg
form: preposition
element 5
dependency: case→6
nebó+
nebo
lemma: nebe 'heaven, sky' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS nebo, sg.gen nebese. Later CS sources commonly show locative forms, but not so much the OCS na nebese (or pl. -esьxъ), as nebesi (jo-stem sg.) or nebesěxъ (o-stem pl.), which are found in Punčoʹs text too. O-stem forms like sg.dat nbu are also common.
inflection: s-stem noun
tag: Nnsnn
form: n.sg.nom/acc
element 6
dependency: obl:abl→3
to
to
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-nsn
form: n.sg.nom
element 7
dependency: det:p_nom→6
tь´mna
tъmna
lemma: tъmen 'dark' search
inflection: hard adjectival
suffixes: relational -ьn-
tag: Afsnn
form: f.sg.nom
element 8
dependency: amod→4
kato
kato
lemma: kato 'as' search
suffixes: demonstrative -to
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 9
dependency: mark→10
magla
magla
lemma: mъgla 'mist' search
CS mьgla
inflection: ā-stem noun
tag: Nfsnn
form: f.sg.nom
element 10
dependency: advcl→4
ʾi+
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 11
dependency: cc→16
nì_što+
ništo
lemma: ništo 'nothing' search
BG
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Pz
form: negative
element 12
dependency: obj→16
se
se
lemma: se 'self' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS sę. The lemma is used for all forms of the reflexive pronoun. Annotation: sebe Px---g, si (and CS sebě) Px---d, se (or sę) Px---a, soboju (or sobojǫ) Px---i.
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Px---a
form: refl.acc
element 13
dependency: expl→16
žívo
živo
lemma: živ 'alive' search
inflection: hard adjectival
tag: Ansnn
form: n.sg.nom/acc
element 14
dependency: amod→12
ne+
ne
lemma: ne 'no, not' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: Qz
form: negation particle
element 15
dependency: advmod→16
vídi
vidi
lemma: vidja 'see' SJS LOVe search
BG vidja ʹseeʹ is perfective, with viždam as its imperfective counterpart. Punčo uses only the first stem (1sg.prs vidim), which seems to cover both aspects (e.g. both in present and aorist tenses). Biaspectual in SJS.
inflection: i-verb
suffixes: stative -ě-
tag: Vmip3se
form: 3sg.prs (pf)
element 16
dependency: conj→3
po+
po
lemma: po 'after, along, according to' search
tag: Sd
form: preposition
element 17
dependency: case→19
tója
toja
lemma: toja 'that' search
The basic form reflects m.sg.nom, but the lemma also covers f.sg.nom taja (Pd-fsn), f.sg.acc tuju (Pd-fsa) and pl.nom tija (Pd--pa).
inflection: hard stem pronominal
suffixes: demonstrative -j-
tag: Pd-msn
form: m.sg.nom
element 18
dependency: det:ext→19
st̃ь
stъ
lemma: svět 'world, light' search
inflection: o-stem noun
tag: Nmsnn
form: m.sg.nom/acc
element 19
dependency: obl:loc→16
togíva
togiva
lemma: togiva 'then' search
suffixes: demonstrative -va
tag: Pr
form: relative
element 20
dependency: advmod→21
réče
reče
lemma: reka 'say' SJS SNSP Miklosich LOVe search
CS rešti, 1sg.prs rekǫ, 2sg rečeši, 1sg.aor rěxъ, 2sg reče. Considered biaspectual in SJS/SNSP because of common use in present participles (Kamphuis 2016:219, link). Tagged as perfective in OCS too, because of contrast to glagolati.
inflection: e-verb
tag: Vmia3se
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
element 21
dependency: root→0
cr̃ь
crъ
lemma: car 'king, emperor' SJS search
OCS cěsarь, commonly shortened already in oldest texts.
Punčo uses old jo- (pl.nom cari) or monosyllabic stem endings (carove), but elsewhere we can seen also old i-stem endings (carie). Modern BG uses -e taken from other paradigms. The oscillation between i- and jo-stem is also reflected in modern CS grammars (cf. Bončev 1952:16, Mironova 2010:52).
inflection: jo-stem noun
tag: Nmsny
form: m.sg.nom
element 22
dependency: nsubj→21
da+
da
lemma: da 'to' search
See the Reference Grammar for more details on the use of its function.
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 23
dependency: cc→24
prestánutь
prestanutъ
lemma: prestana 'cease' LOVe search
CS prěstati
inflection: e-verb
prefixes: perlative prě-
tag: Vmip3se
form: 3sg.prs (pf)
element 24
dependency: advcl→21
wtsčénïe
otsčenie
lemma: otsečenie 'cruelty, massacre' LOVe search
Miklosich: otъsěčenie ʹapotomia, abscissioʹ
inflection: jo-stem noun
prefixes: ablative otъ-
suffixes: verbal noun -nie
tag: Nnsnn
form: n.sg.nom/acc
element 25
dependency: obj→24