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sentence 436
i lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
kai arxēse met' ekeino na skaftē(i) tēn gēn
počę´ lemma: počna 'begin'
form: 3sg.aor (pf)
sasъ lemma: s 'with'
form: preposition
nego lemma: toi 'he'
form: n.3sg.gen/acc (long)
da lemma: da 'to'
form: conjunction
kupáĭ lemma: kopaja 'dig'
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
zemę+ lemma: zemja 'land, earth'
form: f.sg.nom
ta lemma: tъ 'the'
form: f.pl.nom
and he began to dig the ground with it (ʺthemʺ)
total elements: 8
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ROOT i počę sasъ nego da kupai zemę ta
cc(i-2, počę-3)
root(počę-3, ROOT)
case(sasъ-4, nego-5)
obl(nego-5, kupai-7)
mark:inf(da-6, kupai-7)
advcl(kupai-7, počę-3)
obj(zemę-8, kupai-7)
det:p_nom(ta-9, zemę-8)i
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 1
dependency: cc→2
kai arxēse met' ekeino na skaftē(i) tēn gēn
počę´
počę
lemma: počna 'begin' LOVe search
CS počęti. If used as an auxiliary verb, the main verb is in infinitive or in da-construction (cf. Mirčev 1978:235)
inflection: e-verb
prefixes: delimitative po-
tag: Vaia3se
form: 3sg.aor (pf)
element 2
dependency: root→0
sasъ
sasъ
lemma: s 'with' search
tag: Si
form: preposition
element 3
dependency: case→4
nego
nego
lemma: toi 'he' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
Also used for m3sg personal pronoun based on the root *j-. Annotation of oblique forms: nego Pp3msg, nemu or mu Pp3msd, go Pp3msa
Punčo prefers on as the m.3sg.nom form.
inflection: nominal pronoun
suffixes: demonstrative -j-
tag: Pp3nsg
form: n.3sg.gen/acc (long)
element 4
dependency: obl→6
da
da
lemma: da 'to' search
See the Reference Grammar for more details on the use of its function.
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 5
dependency: mark:inf→6
kupáĭ
kupai
lemma: kopaja 'dig' LOVe search
inflection: e-verb
tag: Vmip3si
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
element 6
dependency: advcl→2
zemę+
zemę
lemma: zemja 'land, earth' search
inflection: jā-stem noun
tag: Nfsnn
form: f.sg.nom
element 7
dependency: obj→6
ta
ta
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-fpn
form: f.pl.nom
element 8
dependency: det:p_nom→7