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sentence 94
ama lemma: ama 'but'
form: conjunction
tia+ lemma: toja 'that'
form: m.pl.nom
mu lemma: toi 'he'
form: m.3sg.dat
sicki lemma: vsičъk 'every'
form: m.pl.nom
odgovare:ha, lemma: otgovorja 'answer'
form: 3pl.aor/impf (pf)
and they all answered him
da lemma: da 'to'
form: conjunction
idi lemma: ida 'go'
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
da lemma: da 'to'
form: conjunction
iska lemma: iskam 'want'
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
nasahat, lemma: nasaxat 'advice'
form: noun
BAN IV 520: nasaxat (1) 'sъvet' < tr. nasiha
i lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
pomosc lemma: pomošt 'help'
form: f.sg.nom
od lemma: od 'from, of'
form: preposition
Popove+ lemma: pop 'priest'
form: m.pl.nom
te, lemma: tъ 'the'
form: m.pl.nom
to go ask advice from the priests
sas lemma: s 'with'
form: preposition
cojeto lemma: koito 'who'
form: m.pl.nom
besce lemma: sъm 'be'
form: 2/3sg.impf (ipf)
sassipal lemma: sъsipa 'destroy by falling'
form: l-ptcp (pf)
alt.analysis: m.sg.nom
bir lemma: bir (2) 'one'
form: text numeral
alai lemma: alai 'together'
form: adverb
od lemma: od 'from, of'
form: preposition
hazna+ lemma: xazna 'treasury'
form: f.sg.nom
ta+ lemma: tъ 'the'
form: f.sg.nom
si, lemma: se 'self'
form: refl.dat
with whom (together? shamefully?) he threw away so many taxes (?)
i lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
povero:val+ lemma: pověrvam 'become a believer'
form: l-ptcp (pf)
alt.analysis: m.sg.nom
ghi lemma: tě 'they'
form: 3pl.gen/acc (short)
besce, lemma: sъm 'be'
form: 2/3sg.impf (ipf)
and whom he believed
i lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
nicoga lemma: nikoga 'never'
form: negative
ni lemma: ne 'no, not'
form: negation particle
besce lemma: sъm 'be'
form: 2/3sg.impf (ipf)
poglednal lemma: pogledna 'look'
form: l-ptcp (pf)
alt.analysis: m.sg.nom
teh, lemma: tě 'they'
form: 3pl.gen/acc (long)
while not even looking at them
negova lemma: negov 'his'
form: f.sg.nom
verna lemma: věren 'loyal, faithful'
form: f.sg.nom
rajà. lemma: raja 'subjects'
form: f.sg.nom
his loyal subjects
total elements: 38
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ROOT ama tia mu sički odgovarexa da idi da iska nasaxat i pomoš od Popove te sas kojeto beše sassipal bir alai od xazna ta si i poveroval gi beše i nikoga ni beše poglednal tex negova verna raja
cc(ama-2, odgovarexa-6)
det:ext(tia-3, sički-5)
obl:iobj(mu-4, odgovarexa-6)
nsubj(sički-5, odgovarexa-6)
root(odgovarexa-6, ROOT)
mark(da-7, iska-10)
aux(idi-8, iska-10)
fixed(da-9, idi-8)
advcl(iska-10, odgovarexa-6)
obj(nasaxat-11, iska-10)
cc(i-12, pomoš-13)
conj(pomoš-13, nasaxat-11)
case(od-14, Popove-15)
obl:abl(Popove-15, iska-10)
det:p_nom(te-16, Popove-15)
case(sas-17, kojeto-18)
mark(kojeto-18, sassipal-20)
aux:pprf(beše-19, sassipal-20)
acl(sassipal-20, Popove-15)
det(bir-21, alai-22)
advmod(alai-22, sassipal-20)
case(od-23, xazna-24)
obl:abl(xazna-24, sassipal-20)
det:p_nom(ta-25, xazna-24)
nmod:poss(si-26, xazna-24)
cc(i-27, poveroval-28)
conj(poveroval-28, sassipal-20)
obj(gi-29, poveroval-28)
aux:pprf(beše-30, poveroval-28)
cc(i-31, poglednal-35)
advmod(nikoga-32, poglednal-35)
advmod(ni-33, beše-34)
aux:pprf(beše-34, poglednal-35)
conj(poglednal-35, iska-10)
obj(tex-36, poglednal-35)
amod:poss(negova-37, raja-39)
amod(verna-38, raja-39)
appos(raja-39, tex-36)ama
ama
lemma: ama 'but' search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 1
dependency: cc→5
tia+
tia
lemma: toja 'that' search
The basic form reflects m.sg.nom, but the lemma also covers f.sg.nom taja (Pd-fsn), f.sg.acc tuju (Pd-fsa) and pl.nom tija (Pd--pa).
inflection: hard stem pronominal
suffixes: demonstrative -j-
tag: Pd-mpn
form: m.pl.nom
element 2
dependency: det:ext→4
mu
mu
lemma: toi 'he' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
Also used for m3sg personal pronoun based on the root *j-. Annotation of oblique forms: nego Pp3msg, nemu or mu Pp3msd, go Pp3msa
Punčo prefers on as the m.3sg.nom form.
inflection: nominal pronoun
suffixes: demonstrative -j-
tag: Pp3msd
form: m.3sg.dat
element 3
dependency: obl:iobj→5
sicki
sički
lemma: vsičъk 'every' search
inflection: hard adjectival
prefixes: encompassive vьse-
suffixes: positive -k-
tag: Ampnn
form: m.pl.nom
element 4
dependency: nsubj→5
odgovare:ha,
odgovarexa
lemma: otgovorja 'answer' search
inflection: i-verb
prefixes: ablative otъ-
tag: Vmii3pe
form: 3pl.aor/impf (pf)
element 5
dependency: root→0
da
da
lemma: da 'to' search
See the Reference Grammar for more details on the use of its function.
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 6
dependency: mark→9
idi
idi
lemma: ida 'go' SJS SNSP Miklosich LOVe search
CS iti, 1sg idǫ, 2sg ideši. Biaspectual in SJS.
inflection: e-verb
tag: Vmip3si
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
element 7
dependency: aux→9
da
da
lemma: da 'to' search
See the Reference Grammar for more details on the use of its function.
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 8
dependency: fixed→7
iska
iska
lemma: iskam 'want' SJS LOVe search
CS iskati also ʹseekʹ, an e-verb in CS, showing various present stems (3sg.prs iskaetъ or ištetъ)
inflection: a-verb
tag: Vmip3si
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
element 9
dependency: advcl→5
nasahat,
nasaxat
lemma: nasaxat 'advice' search
Carski: nasahat. BAN IV 520: nasaxat (1) ʹsъvetʹ < tr. nasiha (Nisanyan: < ar. nasīḥa ʹöğüt vermeʹ)
inflection: uninflected
prefixes: additive na-
tag: N
form: noun
element 10
dependency: obj→9
BAN IV 520: nasaxat (1) 'sъvet' < tr. nasiha
i
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 11
dependency: cc→12
pomosc
pomoš
lemma: pomošt 'help' SJS SNSP Miklosich LOVe search
inflection: i-stem noun
prefixes: delimitative po-
suffixes: verbal noun -tь
tag: Nfsnn
form: f.sg.nom
element 12
dependency: conj→10
od
od
lemma: od 'from, of' search
Variant of ot, commonly used by Carski (and in MK).
prefixes: circumlative ob-
tag: Sg
form: preposition
element 13
dependency: case→14
Popove+
Popove
lemma: pop 'priest' SJS search
inflection: monosyllabic noun
tag: Nmpny
form: m.pl.nom
element 14
dependency: obl:abl→9
te,
te
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-mpn
form: m.pl.nom
element 15
dependency: det:p_nom→14
sas
sas
lemma: s 'with' search
tag: Si
form: preposition
element 16
dependency: case→17
cojeto
kojeto
lemma: koito 'who' search
Pr---g kogoto, Pr---d komuto
inflection: nominal pronoun
suffixes: demonstrative -to
tag: Pr-mpn
form: m.pl.nom
element 17
dependency: mark→19
besce
beše
lemma: sъm 'be' SJS LOVe search
Used for most forms of the ʹbeʹ verb, including the (CS) infinitive byti, and excluding only perfective forms based on present stem bъda. In OCS, bъda is used also for the infinitive and other forms based on the aorist stem.
inflection: athematic
tag: Vaii3si
form: 2/3sg.impf (ipf)
element 18
dependency: aux:pprf→19
sassipal
sassipal
lemma: sъsipa 'destroy by falling' LOVe search
inflection: e-verb
prefixes: delative sъ-
tag: Vmp--se or Amsnn
form: l-ptcp (pf) or m.sg.nom
element 19
dependency: acl→14
bir
bir
lemma: bir (2) 'one' search
Used (by Carski) in TR phrases like bir alai ʹtogetherʹ (lit. ʹas one troopʹ ?), bir karar ʹonlyʹ (lit. ʹin a single stateʹ).
tag: Ml
form: text numeral
element 20
dependency: det→21
alai
alai
lemma: alai 'together' search
Carskiʹs word. Meaning unclear, used as a part of the phrase bir alai or with the preposition s ʹwithʹ. Perhaps related to tr. alay ʹregiment, ridicule, mockeryʹ (> ʹas one troop, allʹ ?)
tag: R
form: adverb
element 21
dependency: advmod→19
od
od
lemma: od 'from, of' search
Variant of ot, commonly used by Carski (and in MK).
prefixes: circumlative ob-
tag: Sg
form: preposition
element 22
dependency: case→23
hazna+
xazna
lemma: xazna 'treasury' search
inflection: ā-stem noun
tag: Nfsnn
form: f.sg.nom
element 23
dependency: obl:abl→19
ta+
ta
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-fsn
form: f.sg.nom
element 24
dependency: det:p_nom→23
si,
si
lemma: se 'self' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS sę. The lemma is used for all forms of the reflexive pronoun. Annotation: sebe Px---g, si (and CS sebě) Px---d, se (or sę) Px---a, soboju (or sobojǫ) Px---i.
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Px---d
form: refl.dat
element 25
dependency: nmod:poss→23
i
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 26
dependency: cc→27
povero:val+
poveroval
lemma: pověrvam 'become a believer' LOVe search
inflection: a-verb
prefixes: delimitative po-
suffixes: iterative -va-
tag: Vmp--se or Amsnn
form: l-ptcp (pf) or m.sg.nom
element 27
dependency: conj→19
ghi
gi
lemma: tě 'they' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
Also used for 3pl personal pronoun based on the root *j-. Annotation of oblique forms: těx Pp3-pg, im or mgi Pp3-pd, gi or ix Pp3-pa
Punčo prefers oni as pl.nom form.
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Pp3-pa
form: 3pl.gen/acc (short)
element 28
dependency: obj→27
besce,
beše
lemma: sъm 'be' SJS LOVe search
Used for most forms of the ʹbeʹ verb, including the (CS) infinitive byti, and excluding only perfective forms based on present stem bъda. In OCS, bъda is used also for the infinitive and other forms based on the aorist stem.
inflection: athematic
tag: Vaii3si
form: 2/3sg.impf (ipf)
element 29
dependency: aux:pprf→27
i
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 30
dependency: cc→34
nicoga
nikoga
lemma: nikoga 'never' search
tag: Pz
form: negative
element 31
dependency: advmod→34
ni
ni
lemma: ne 'no, not' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: Qz
form: negation particle
element 32
dependency: advmod→33
besce
beše
lemma: sъm 'be' SJS LOVe search
Used for most forms of the ʹbeʹ verb, including the (CS) infinitive byti, and excluding only perfective forms based on present stem bъda. In OCS, bъda is used also for the infinitive and other forms based on the aorist stem.
inflection: athematic
tag: Vaii3si
form: 2/3sg.impf (ipf)
element 33
dependency: aux:pprf→34
poglednal
poglednal
lemma: pogledna 'look' LOVe search
inflection: e-verb
prefixes: delimitative po-
suffixes: perfective -nǫ-
tag: Vmp--se or Amsnn
form: l-ptcp (pf) or m.sg.nom
element 34
dependency: conj→9
teh,
tex
lemma: tě 'they' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
Also used for 3pl personal pronoun based on the root *j-. Annotation of oblique forms: těx Pp3-pg, im or mgi Pp3-pd, gi or ix Pp3-pa
Punčo prefers oni as pl.nom form.
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Pp3-pg
form: 3pl.gen/acc (long)
element 35
dependency: obj→34
negova
negova
lemma: negov 'his' search
inflection: hard adjectival
suffixes: possessive -ov-
tag: Afsnn
form: f.sg.nom
element 36
dependency: amod:poss→38
verna
verna
lemma: věren 'loyal, faithful' search
inflection: hard adjectival
suffixes: relational -ьn-
tag: Afsnn
form: f.sg.nom
element 37
dependency: amod→38
rajà.
raja
lemma: raja 'subjects' search
Ot.tur. raiyet < ar. raʿīyat ʹflockʹ, but likely ʹsubject (nation)ʹ already too (Nişanyan). The term is basically an Ottoman equivalent of đimmī from earlier Muslim empires (wiki).
inflection: jā-stem noun
tag: Nfsny
form: f.sg.nom
element 38
dependency: appos→35