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sentence 26
i lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
ta+ lemma: tja 'she'
form: conjunction
go lemma: toi 'he'
form: m.3sg.gen/acc (short)
zavedi lemma: zaveda 'lead, bring'
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
vanca lemma: vъnka 'out'
form: adverb
od lemma: od 'from, of'
form: preposition
Manastira+ lemma: manastir 'monastery'
form: m.sg.gen
alt.analysis: m.sg.def
t, lemma: tъ 'the'
form: m.sg.nom
na lemma: na 'on, to, for'
form: preposition
jednò lemma: edin 'one'
form: n.sg.nom/acc
golemo lemma: golěm 'big'
form: n.sg.nom/acc
polie: lemma: pole 'field'
form: n.sg.nom/acc
and she led him out of the monastery to a large plain
dè lemma: kъde 'where'
form: adverb
vidè lemma: vidja 'see'
form: 2/3sg.aor (ipf)
bes lemma: bez 'without'
form: preposition
hesap lemma: xesap 'count'
form: m.sg.nom/acc
Google/nişanyan: tr. hesap 'account' < ar. h₂isāb 'aritmetik'
hora lemma: xora 'people'
form: n.pl.nom/acc
od lemma: od 'from, of'
form: preposition
secakav lemma: vsěkakъv 'any'
form: m.sg.nom
red, lemma: red 'order, line, times'
form: m.sg.nom/acc
mascki, lemma: mъžki 'male'
form: n.pl.nom/acc
i lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
xenski. lemma: ženski 'female'
form: n.pl.nom/acc
where he saw countless people of all kind, men and women (alike)
total elements: 23
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ROOT i ta go zavedi vanka od Manastira t na jedno golemo polie de vide bes xesap xora od sekakav red maški i ženski
cc(i-2, zavedi-5)
nsubj(ta-3, zavedi-5)
obj(go-4, zavedi-5)
root(zavedi-5, ROOT)
advmod(vanka-6, zavedi-5)
case(od-7, Manastira-8)
obl:abl(Manastira-8, zavedi-5)
det:p_nom(t-9, Manastira-8)
case(na-10, polie-13)
det(jedno-11, polie-13)
amod(golemo-12, polie-13)
obl:lat(polie-13, zavedi-5)
mark(de-14, vide-15)
acl(vide-15, polie-13)
case(bes-16, xora-18)
nmod(xesap-17, xora-18)
obj(xora-18, vide-15)
case(od-19, red-21)
amod(sekakav-20, red-21)
nmod:abl(red-21, xora-18)
appos(maški-22, red-21)
cc(i-23, ženski-24)
conj(ženski-24, maški-22)i
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 1
dependency: cc→4
ta+
ta
lemma: tja 'she' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
Also used for f3sg personal pronoun based on the root *j-. Annotation of oblique forms: neja Pp3fsg, nei or i Pp3fsd, ja or ju Pp3fsa
Punčo prefers ona as the f.3sg.nom form.
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 2
dependency: nsubj→4
go
go
lemma: toi 'he' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
Also used for m3sg personal pronoun based on the root *j-. Annotation of oblique forms: nego Pp3msg, nemu or mu Pp3msd, go Pp3msa
Punčo prefers on as the m.3sg.nom form.
inflection: nominal pronoun
suffixes: demonstrative -j-
tag: Pp3msa
form: m.3sg.gen/acc (short)
element 3
dependency: obj→4
zavedi
zavedi
lemma: zaveda 'lead, bring' LOVe search
inflection: e-verb
prefixes: postlative za-
tag: Vmia3se
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
element 4
dependency: root→0
vanca
vanka
lemma: vъnka 'out' search
prefixes: locative vъ-
suffixes: m.sg.nom/acc -ъ, emphatic -ka
tag: R
form: adverb
element 5
dependency: advmod→4
od
od
lemma: od 'from, of' search
Variant of ot, commonly used by Carski (and in MK).
prefixes: circumlative ob-
tag: Sg
form: preposition
element 6
dependency: case→7
Manastira+
Manastira
lemma: manastir 'monastery' search
Punčo prefers o in root, as in CS monastyrь (e.g. 32x vs 7x with a in chapters 011/012).
inflection: jo-stem noun
tag: Nmsgn or Nmson
form: m.sg.gen or m.sg.def
element 7
dependency: obl:abl→4
t,
t
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-msn
form: m.sg.nom
element 8
dependency: det:p_nom→7
na
na
lemma: na 'on, to, for' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
In OCS also ʹagainstʹ (with acc). The dative-like meaning ʹforʹ is attested from the 14th c. onwards.
tag: Sa
form: preposition
element 9
dependency: case→12
jednò
jedno
lemma: edin 'one' search
Actually a cardinal numeral (Ml), often used as an indefinite pronoun too.
inflection: hard adjectival
suffixes: singulative -inъ
tag: Ansnn
form: n.sg.nom/acc
element 10
dependency: det→12
golemo
golemo
lemma: golěm 'big' search
inflection: hard adjectival
tag: Ansnn
form: n.sg.nom/acc
element 11
dependency: amod→12
polie:
polie
lemma: pole 'field' search
inflection: jo-stem noun
tag: Nnsnn
form: n.sg.nom/acc
element 12
dependency: obl:lat→4
dè
de
lemma: kъde 'where' search
BG variant of CS gde - used, when the jer is reflected in the text.
suffixes: C-stem sg.gen/loc -e
tag: R
form: adverb
element 13
dependency: mark→14
vidè
vide
lemma: vidja 'see' SJS LOVe search
BG vidja ʹseeʹ is perfective, with viždam as its imperfective counterpart. Punčo uses only the first stem (1sg.prs vidim), which seems to cover both aspects (e.g. both in present and aorist tenses). Biaspectual in SJS.
inflection: i-verb
suffixes: stative -ě-
tag: Vmia3si
form: 2/3sg.aor (ipf)
element 14
dependency: acl→12
bes
bes
lemma: bez 'without' search
tag: Sg
form: preposition
element 15
dependency: case→17
hesap
xesap
lemma: xesap 'count' search
Carski: bes hesap hora ʹcountless peopleʹ. Nisanyan: tr. hesap < ar. ḥisāb ʹarithmeticsʹ
inflection: o-stem noun
tag: Nmsnn
form: m.sg.nom/acc
element 16
dependency: nmod→17
Google/nişanyan: tr. hesap 'account' < ar. h₂isāb 'aritmetik'
hora
xora
lemma: xora 'people' search
Gr. xōra ʹlandʹ. The old meaning still can be seen in the Tale of Alexander the Elder.
inflection: o-stem noun
tag: Nnpnn
form: n.pl.nom/acc
element 17
dependency: obj→14
od
od
lemma: od 'from, of' search
Variant of ot, commonly used by Carski (and in MK).
prefixes: circumlative ob-
tag: Sg
form: preposition
element 18
dependency: case→20
secakav
sekakav
lemma: vsěkakъv 'any' search
inflection: hard adjectival
prefixes: encompassive vьse-
suffixes: demonstrative -v-
tag: Amsnn
form: m.sg.nom
element 19
dependency: amod→20
red,
red
lemma: red 'order, line, times' search
CS rędъ, o- and u-stem endings are about equally distributed. In other words, form rędu is used in sg.gen (e.g. bezъ rędu), dat (po rędu) and loc (vъ rędu) alike.
inflection: monosyllabic noun
tag: Nmsnn
form: m.sg.nom/acc
element 20
dependency: nmod:abl→17
mascki,
maški
lemma: mъžki 'male' search
inflection: hard adjectival
suffixes: relational -ьsk-
tag: Anpnn
form: n.pl.nom/acc
element 21
dependency: appos→20
i
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 22
dependency: cc→23
xenski.
ženski
lemma: ženski 'female' search
inflection: hard adjectival
suffixes: relational -ьsk-
tag: Anpnn
form: n.pl.nom/acc
element 23
dependency: conj→21