chapter view
sentence 246
Toku lemma: toku ''
form: relative
i lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
ako lemma: ako 'if'
form: conjunction
je lemma: sъm 'be'
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
so+ lemma: s 'with'
form: preposition
muka lemma: mъka 'torment'
form: f.sg.nom
vzučuvańe+ lemma: vъzučuvane ''
form: n.sg.nom/acc
to, lemma: tъ 'the'
form: n.sg.nom
za lemma: za 'for, about'
form: preposition
tije lemma: toja 'that'
form: pl.nom
što lemma: što 'what'
form: interrogative
učiniľe, lemma: učinja 'do'
form: l-ptcp (pf)
alt.analysis: pl
da lemma: da 'to'
form: conjunction
nas lemma: nie 'we'
form: 1pl.gen/acc (long)
naučat lemma: nauča 'teach, learn'
form: 3pl.prs (pf)
tova lemma: tova 'that'
form: n.sg.nom
što lemma: što 'what'
form: interrogative
ne+ lemma: ne 'no, not'
form: negation particle
sme lemma: sъm 'be'
form: 1pl.prs (ipf)
znajale lemma: znaja 'know'
form: l-ptcp (pf)
alt.analysis: pl
Only if the learning is with struggle for those who did it to learn us, what we did not know,
nam lemma: nie 'we'
form: 1pl.dat
de+ lemma: de 'where'
form: interrogative
i+ lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
pravit lemma: pravja 'make'
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
mnogu lemma: mnogo 'much'
form: adverb
po-moć, lemma: pomošt 'help'
form: f.sg.nom
ovije lemma: ovoj ''
form: pl.nom
i lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
drugi, lemma: drug 'other'
form: pl
mno-gu lemma: mnogo 'much'
form: adverb
znańja, lemma: znanie 'acquaintance'
form: n.pl.nom/acc
koji lemma: koi 'who'
form: pl.nom
se lemma: sъm 'be'
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
po-trebni lemma: potreben 'needed'
form: pl
za lemma: za 'for, about'
form: preposition
duxo+ lemma: dux 'spirit'
form: m.sg.def
v lemma: ov 'this'
form: m.sg.nom
naš. lemma: naš 'our'
form: m.sg.nom
for us this and other knowledge, which are needed for our spirit, do us much help/use.
total elements: 38
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ROOT toku i ako je so muka vzučuvane to za tije što učinile da nas naučat tova što ne sme znajale nam de i pravit mnogu pomoć ovije i drugi mnogu znanja koji se potrebni za duxo v naš
advmod(toku-2, pravit-25)
fixed(i-3, toku-2)
mark(ako-4, je-5)
advcl(je-5, pravit-25)
case(so-6, muka-7)
obl(muka-7, je-5)
nsubj(vzučuvane-8, je-5)
det:p_nom(to-9, vzučuvane-8)
case(za-10, tije-11)
obl:ext(tije-11, je-5)
mark(što-12, učinile-13)
acl(učinile-13, tije-11)
mark(da-14, naučat-16)
obj(nas-15, naučat-16)
advcl(naučat-16, učinile-13)
obj:ext(tova-17, naučat-16)
mark(što-18, znajale-21)
advmod(ne-19, znajale-21)
aux:prf(sme-20, znajale-21)
acl(znajale-21, tova-17)
obl:iobj(nam-22, pravit-25)
advmod(de-23, pravit-25)
cc(i-24, pravit-25)
root(pravit-25, ROOT)
amod(mnogu-26, pomoć-27)
obj(pomoć-27, pravit-25)
det:ext(ovije-28, znanja-32)
cc(i-29, drugi-30)
conj(drugi-30, ovije-28)
amod(mnogu-31, znanja-32)
nsubj(znanja-32, pravit-25)
mark(koji-33, potrebni-35)
cop(se-34, potrebni-35)
acl(potrebni-35, znanja-32)
case(za-36, duxo-37)
obl(duxo-37, potrebni-35)
det:p_nom(v-38, duxo-37)
amod:poss(naš-39, duxo-37)Toku
toku
tag: Pr
form: relative
element 1
dependency: advmod→24
i
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 2
dependency: fixed→1
ako
ako
lemma: ako 'if' search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 3
dependency: mark→4
je
je
lemma: sъm 'be' SJS LOVe search
Used for most forms of the ʹbeʹ verb, including the (CS) infinitive byti, and excluding only perfective forms based on present stem bъda. In OCS, bъda is used also for the infinitive and other forms based on the aorist stem.
inflection: athematic
tag: Vmip3si
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
element 4
dependency: advcl→24
so+
so
lemma: s 'with' search
tag: Si
form: preposition
element 5
dependency: case→6
muka
muka
lemma: mъka 'torment' search
CS mǫka, also used by Punčo for ʹhellʹ.
inflection: ā-stem noun
suffixes: abstract -a
tag: Nfsnn
form: f.sg.nom
element 6
dependency: obl→4
vzučuvańe+
vzučuvane
tag: Nnsnn
form: n.sg.nom/acc
element 7
dependency: nsubj→4
to,
to
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-nsn
form: n.sg.nom
element 8
dependency: det:p_nom→7
za
za
lemma: za 'for, about' search
tag: Sa
form: preposition
element 9
dependency: case→10
tije
tije
lemma: toja 'that' search
The basic form reflects m.sg.nom, but the lemma also covers f.sg.nom taja (Pd-fsn), f.sg.acc tuju (Pd-fsa) and pl.nom tija (Pd--pa).
inflection: hard stem pronominal
suffixes: demonstrative -j-
tag: Pd--pn
form: pl.nom
element 10
dependency: obl:ext→4
što
što
lemma: što 'what' search
Often used as relative pronoun (without the -to suffix) by Punčo. See čьto for etymology.
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Pq
form: interrogative
element 11
dependency: mark→12
učiniľe,
učinile
lemma: učinja 'do' LOVe search
inflection: i-verb
prefixes: allative u-
tag: Vmp--pe or A-pnn
form: l-ptcp (pf) or pl
element 12
dependency: acl→10
da
da
lemma: da 'to' search
See the Reference Grammar for more details on the use of its function.
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 13
dependency: mark→15
nas
nas
lemma: nie 'we' search
Annotation reflects the following schema: nas Pp1-pg, nam Pp1-pd, ni Pp1-pa
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Pp1-pg
form: 1pl.gen/acc (long)
element 14
dependency: obj→15
naučat
naučat
lemma: nauča 'teach, learn' LOVe search
inflection: i-verb
prefixes: additive na-
tag: Vmip3pe
form: 3pl.prs (pf)
element 15
dependency: advcl→12
tova
tova
lemma: tova 'that' search
The basic form reflects n.sg.nom, but the lemma also covers m.sg oblique forms togova (Pd-msg) and tomuva (Pd-msd).
inflection: hard stem pronominal
suffixes: demonstrative -va
tag: Pd-nsn
form: n.sg.nom
element 16
dependency: obj:ext→15
što
što
lemma: što 'what' search
Often used as relative pronoun (without the -to suffix) by Punčo. See čьto for etymology.
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Pq
form: interrogative
element 17
dependency: mark→20
ne+
ne
lemma: ne 'no, not' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: Qz
form: negation particle
element 18
dependency: advmod→20
sme
sme
lemma: sъm 'be' SJS LOVe search
Used for most forms of the ʹbeʹ verb, including the (CS) infinitive byti, and excluding only perfective forms based on present stem bъda. In OCS, bъda is used also for the infinitive and other forms based on the aorist stem.
inflection: athematic
tag: Vmip1pi
form: 1pl.prs (ipf)
element 19
dependency: aux:prf→20
znajale
znajale
lemma: znaja 'know' SJS SNSP Miklosich LOVe search
Punčo prefers the athematic 1sg.prs form znamь.
inflection: e-verb
tag: Vmp--pe or A-pnn
form: l-ptcp (pf) or pl
element 20
dependency: acl→16
nam
nam
lemma: nie 'we' search
Annotation reflects the following schema: nas Pp1-pg, nam Pp1-pd, ni Pp1-pa
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Pp1-pd
form: 1pl.dat
element 21
dependency: obl:iobj→24
de+
de
lemma: de 'where' search
tag: Pq
form: interrogative
element 22
dependency: advmod→24
i+
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 23
dependency: cc→24
pravit
pravit
lemma: pravja 'make' SJS LOVe search
inflection: i-verb
suffixes: causative -i-
tag: Vmip3si
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
element 24
dependency: root→0
mnogu
mnogu
lemma: mnogo 'much' LOVe search
tag: R
form: adverb
element 25
dependency: amod→26
po-moć,
pomoć
lemma: pomošt 'help' SJS SNSP Miklosich LOVe search
inflection: i-stem noun
prefixes: delimitative po-
suffixes: verbal noun -tь
tag: Nfsnn
form: f.sg.nom
element 26
dependency: obj→24
ovije
ovije
tag: Pd--pn
form: pl.nom
element 27
dependency: det:ext→31
i
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 28
dependency: cc→29
drugi,
drugi
lemma: drug 'other' SJS search
According to SJS, the hard-stem adjectival declension is common in OCS sources too, save for Sav.k., where pronominal forms like drugomu appear.
inflection: hard adjectival
tag: A-pnn
form: pl
element 29
dependency: conj→27
mno-gu
mnogu
lemma: mnogo 'much' LOVe search
tag: R
form: adverb
element 30
dependency: amod→31
znańja,
znanja
lemma: znanie 'acquaintance' SJS LOVe search
inflection: jo-stem noun
tag: Nnpnn
form: n.pl.nom/acc
element 31
dependency: nsubj→24
koji
koji
lemma: koi 'who' search
Handled as A, if used adnominally, especially in CS, e.g. koeju xitrostiju ʹby what kind of cunningʹ. Pq---g kogo, Pq---d komu etc.
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Pq--pn
form: pl.nom
element 32
dependency: mark→34
se
se
lemma: sъm 'be' SJS LOVe search
Used for most forms of the ʹbeʹ verb, including the (CS) infinitive byti, and excluding only perfective forms based on present stem bъda. In OCS, bъda is used also for the infinitive and other forms based on the aorist stem.
inflection: athematic
tag: Vmip3si
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
element 33
dependency: cop→34
po-trebni
potrebni
lemma: potreben 'needed' search
inflection: hard adjectival
prefixes: delimitative po-
suffixes: relational -ьn-
tag: A-pnn
form: pl
element 34
dependency: acl→31
za
za
lemma: za 'for, about' search
tag: Sa
form: preposition
element 35
dependency: case→36
duxo+
duxo
lemma: dux 'spirit' SJS SNSP Miklosich LOVe search
CS duxъ (o-stem) also ʹwindʹ. Commonly abbreviated as дх҃ъ.
inflection: monosyllabic noun
tag: Nmsoy
form: m.sg.def
element 36
dependency: obl→34
v
v
lemma: ov 'this' search
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-msn
form: m.sg.nom
element 37
dependency: det:p_nom→36
naš.
naš
lemma: naš 'our' search
inflection: soft pronominal
suffixes: possessive -ьj-
tag: Amsnn
form: m.sg.nom
element 38
dependency: amod:poss→36