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sentence 149
I+ lemma: I ''
form: conjunction
vь+ lemma: v 'in'
form: preposition
to lemma: tъ 'the'
form: n.sg.nom
vreme lemma: vreme ''
form: n.sg.nom/acc
blgočestivi lemma: blgočestiv ''
form: m.sg.nom.pron
crь, lemma: car 'king, emperor'
form: m.sg.nom
bolgarski. lemma: bolgarski ''
form: m.sg.nom.pron
vь+ lemma: v ''
form: preposition
trъnovo lemma: Trъnovo ''
form: n.sg.nom/acc
ıwanъ lemma: Ioann ''
form: m.sg.nom
asenъ, lemma: Asěn 'Asen'
form: m.sg.nom
sinь lemma: sin 'son'
form: m.sg.nom
staromu lemma: star 'old'
form: m.sg.dat.pron
cru lemma: car 'king, emperor'
form: m.sg.dat
asenju, lemma: Asěn 'Asen'
form: m.sg.dat
krepko lemma: krěpko ''
form: adverb
drьžaše lemma: drьža ''
form: 2/3sg.impf (pf)
togda lemma: togda 'then'
form: relative
crstvo, lemma: carstvo 'kingdom'
form: n.sg.nom/acc
And at this time the honorableBulgarian king in Tъrnovo, Ioan Asen, son of the old king Asen, strongly held the kingdom back then.
total elements: 19
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ROOT I vъ to vreme blgočestivi crъ bolgarski vъ trъnovo ioanъ asenъ sinъ staromu cru Asenju krepko drъžaše togda crstvo
cc(I-2, drъžaše-18)
case(vъ-3, vreme-5)
det(to-4, vreme-5)
obl(vreme-5, drъžaše-18)
amod(blgočestivi-6, crъ-7)
nsubj(crъ-7, drъžaše-18)
amod(bolgarski-8, crъ-7)
case(vъ-9, trъnovo-10)
obl:loc(trъnovo-10, drъžaše-18)
appos(ioanъ-11, crъ-7)
appos(asenъ-12, ioanъ-11)
appos(sinъ-13, asenъ-12)
amod(staromu-14, cru-15)
nmod:poss(cru-15, sinъ-13)
appos(Asenju-16, cru-15)
advmod(krepko-17, drъžaše-18)
root(drъžaše-18, ROOT)
advmod(togda-19, drъžaše-18)
obj(crstvo-20, drъžaše-18)I+
I
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 1
dependency: cc→17
vь+
vъ
lemma: v 'in' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
inflection: with loc or acc
tag: Sl
form: preposition
element 2
dependency: case→4
to
to
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-nsn
form: n.sg.nom
element 3
dependency: det→4
vreme
vreme
tag: Nnsnn
form: n.sg.nom/acc
element 4
dependency: obl→17
blgočestivi
blgočestivi
tag: Amsny
form: m.sg.nom.pron
element 5
dependency: amod→6
crь,
crъ
lemma: car 'king, emperor' SJS search
OCS cěsarь, commonly shortened already in oldest texts.
Punčo uses old jo- (pl.nom cari) or monosyllabic stem endings (carove), but elsewhere we can seen also old i-stem endings (carie). Modern BG uses -e taken from other paradigms. The oscillation between i- and jo-stem is also reflected in modern CS grammars (cf. Bončev 1952:16, Mironova 2010:52).
inflection: jo-stem noun
tag: Nmsny
form: m.sg.nom
element 6
dependency: nsubj→17
bolgarski.
bolgarski
tag: Amsny
form: m.sg.nom.pron
element 7
dependency: amod→6
vь+
vъ
tag: Sl
form: preposition
element 8
dependency: case→9
trъnovo
trъnovo
tag: Nnsnn
form: n.sg.nom/acc
element 9
dependency: obl:loc→17
ıwanъ
ioanъ
tag: Nmsny
form: m.sg.nom
element 10
dependency: appos→6
asenъ,
asenъ
lemma: Asěn 'Asen' search
inflection: jo-stem noun
tag: Nmsny
form: m.sg.nom
element 11
dependency: appos→10
sinь
sinъ
lemma: sin 'son' SJS search
CS synъ was an u-stem. Punčo seems to follow a paradigm combining o-stem oblique case endings with u-stem direct forms (as in other monosyllabic masc nouns): sg.nom sinь, gen sina, dat sinu, voc sine, pl.nom sinove/sinovi, also pl.acc sini (< CS syny).
The two pl.nom forms may remind us of Serbo-Croat variation (pl.nom -ovi, pl.acc -ove). However, Punčo clearly prefers the form -ove (the other form comes only once in 9 instances in first 30 chapters), which is used both in subject and oblique positions.
inflection: monosyllabic noun
tag: Nmsny
form: m.sg.nom
element 12
dependency: appos→11
staromu
staromu
lemma: star 'old' LOVe search
inflection: hard adjectival
tag: Amsdy
form: m.sg.dat.pron
element 13
dependency: amod→14
cru
cru
lemma: car 'king, emperor' SJS search
OCS cěsarь, commonly shortened already in oldest texts.
Punčo uses old jo- (pl.nom cari) or monosyllabic stem endings (carove), but elsewhere we can seen also old i-stem endings (carie). Modern BG uses -e taken from other paradigms. The oscillation between i- and jo-stem is also reflected in modern CS grammars (cf. Bončev 1952:16, Mironova 2010:52).
inflection: jo-stem noun
tag: Nmsdy
form: m.sg.dat
element 14
dependency: nmod:poss→12
asenju,
Asenju
lemma: Asěn 'Asen' search
inflection: jo-stem noun
tag: Nmsdy
form: m.sg.dat
element 15
dependency: appos→14
krepko
krepko
tag: R
form: adverb
element 16
dependency: advmod→17
drьžaše
drъžaše
tag: Vmii3se
form: 2/3sg.impf (pf)
element 17
dependency: root→0
togda
togda
lemma: togda 'then' search
CS
tag: Pr
form: relative
element 18
dependency: advmod→17
crstvo,
crstvo
lemma: carstvo 'kingdom' search
inflection: o-stem noun
suffixes: abstract -ьstvo
tag: Nnsnn
form: n.sg.nom/acc
element 19
dependency: obj→17