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sentence 102
ʾáñgelь; lemma: angel 'angel'
form: m.sg.nom
gd͒nь lemma: Gospoden 'Lordʹs'
form: m.sg.nom
réče lemma: reka 'say'
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
na lemma: na 'on, to, for'
form: preposition
cr͂ove+ lemma: car 'king, emperor'
form: m.pl.nom
te lemma: tъ 'the'
form: m.pl.nom
An angel of God said to the kings:
total elements: 6
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ROOT angelъ gdnъ reče na crove te
nsubj(angelъ-2, reče-4)
amod(gdnъ-3, angelъ-2)
root(reče-4, ROOT)
case(na-5, crove-6)
obl:iobj(crove-6, reče-4)
det:p_nom(te-7, crove-6)ʾáñgelь;
angelъ
lemma: angel 'angel' SJS Miklosich search
inflection: o-stem noun
tag: Nmsny
form: m.sg.nom
element 1
dependency: nsubj→3
gd͒nь
gdnъ
lemma: Gospoden 'Lordʹs' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
Often given as gdnь. Oblique forms like gdně/gdnju are ambiguous: could be seen as sg.gen of Gospod too.
inflection: soft adjectival
suffixes: relational -ьn-
tag: Amsnn
form: m.sg.nom
element 2
dependency: amod→1
réče
reče
lemma: reka 'say' SJS SNSP Miklosich LOVe search
CS rešti, 1sg.prs rekǫ, 2sg rečeši, 1sg.aor rěxъ, 2sg reče. Considered biaspectual in SJS/SNSP because of common use in present participles (Kamphuis 2016:219, link). Tagged as perfective in OCS too, because of contrast to glagolati.
inflection: e-verb
tag: Vmia3se
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
element 3
dependency: root→0
na
na
lemma: na 'on, to, for' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
In OCS also ʹagainstʹ (with acc). The dative-like meaning ʹforʹ is attested from the 14th c. onwards.
tag: Sa
form: preposition
element 4
dependency: case→5
cr͂ove+
crove
lemma: car 'king, emperor' SJS search
OCS cěsarь, commonly shortened already in oldest texts.
Punčo uses old jo- (pl.nom cari) or monosyllabic stem endings (carove), but elsewhere we can seen also old i-stem endings (carie). Modern BG uses -e taken from other paradigms. The oscillation between i- and jo-stem is also reflected in modern CS grammars (cf. Bončev 1952:16, Mironova 2010:52).
inflection: jo-stem noun
tag: Nmpny
form: m.pl.nom
element 5
dependency: obl:iobj→3
te
te
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-mpn
form: m.pl.nom
element 6
dependency: det:p_nom→5