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sentence 114
ču lemma: čuja 'hear'
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
cr̃ь lemma: car 'king, emperor'
form: m.sg.nom
táʾjá lemma: toja 'that'
form: f.sg.nom
duma lemma: duma 'word'
form: f.sg.nom
wt lemma: ot 'from'
form: preposition
tija lemma: toja 'that'
form: m.pl.nom
dvà lemma: dva 'two'
form: text numeral
vóĭna lemma: voin 'warrior'
form: m.dl.nom/acc
The Emperor heard those words from those two soldiers
total elements: 8
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ROOT ču crъ taja duma ot tija dva voina
root(ču-2, ROOT)
nsubj(crъ-3, ču-2)
det:ext(taja-4, duma-5)
obj(duma-5, ču-2)
case(ot-6, voina-9)
det:ext(tija-7, voina-9)
nummod(dva-8, voina-9)
obl:abl(voina-9, ču-2)ču
ču
lemma: čuja 'hear' SJS SNSP Miklosich LOVe search
CS čuti has a more general meaning ʹperceive, feelʹ and also ʹunderstandʹ.
inflection: e-verb
tag: Vmia3se
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
element 1
dependency: root→0
cr̃ь
crъ
lemma: car 'king, emperor' SJS search
OCS cěsarь, commonly shortened already in oldest texts.
Punčo uses old jo- (pl.nom cari) or monosyllabic stem endings (carove), but elsewhere we can seen also old i-stem endings (carie). Modern BG uses -e taken from other paradigms. The oscillation between i- and jo-stem is also reflected in modern CS grammars (cf. Bončev 1952:16, Mironova 2010:52).
inflection: jo-stem noun
tag: Nmsny
form: m.sg.nom
element 2
dependency: nsubj→1
táʾjá
taja
lemma: toja 'that' search
The basic form reflects m.sg.nom, but the lemma also covers f.sg.nom taja (Pd-fsn), f.sg.acc tuju (Pd-fsa) and pl.nom tija (Pd--pa).
inflection: hard stem pronominal
suffixes: demonstrative -j-
tag: Pd-fsn
form: f.sg.nom
element 3
dependency: det:ext→4
duma
duma
lemma: duma 'word' search
inflection: ā-stem noun
tag: Nfsnn
form: f.sg.nom
element 4
dependency: obj→1
wt
ot
lemma: ot 'from' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS otъ
tag: Sg
form: preposition
element 5
dependency: case→8
tija
tija
lemma: toja 'that' search
The basic form reflects m.sg.nom, but the lemma also covers f.sg.nom taja (Pd-fsn), f.sg.acc tuju (Pd-fsa) and pl.nom tija (Pd--pa).
inflection: hard stem pronominal
suffixes: demonstrative -j-
tag: Pd-mpn
form: m.pl.nom
element 6
dependency: det:ext→8
dvà
dva
lemma: dva 'two' search
tag: Ml
form: text numeral
element 7
dependency: nummod→8
vóĭna
voina
lemma: voin 'warrior' search
Punčo prefers voine as the pl. form.
inflection: jo-stem noun
suffixes: singulative -inъ
tag: Nmdny
form: m.dl.nom/acc
element 8
dependency: obl:abl→1