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sentence 70
čux͛te+ lemma: čuja 'hear'
form: 2pl.aor/impf (pf)
li lemma: li '(question particle)'
form: interrogative particle
xr͒tiăni lemma: xristianin 'Christian'
form: m.pl.nom
kakvo+ lemma: kakvo 'what'
form: interrogative
e lemma: sъm 'be'
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
bilo lemma: sъm 'be'
form: l-ptcp (ipf)
alt.analysis: n.sg.nom/acc
téško lemma: težko 'heavily'
form: adverb
ʾi lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
gor͛ko lemma: gorko 'bitterly'
form: adverb
kóĭ lemma: koi 'who'
form: nom
čl̃veь lemma: človek 'human'
form: m.sg.nom
upádne lemma: upadna 'fall'
form: 2sg.prs (pf)
As we the present tense is used here, the perfect-like construction in the previous clause likely denotes an evidential shade (renarrative), not a tense. However, the syntax is not fully clear.
djávolu lemma: diavol 'devil'
form: m.sg.dat
u+ lemma: u 'at'
form: preposition
ruke lemma: rъka 'hand'
form: f.dl.nom/acc
Did you hear, o Christians, how hard and bitter it is (to one), who falls to the hands of a devil?
total elements: 15
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ROOT čuxъte li xrtiani kakvo e bilo teško i gorъko koi člveъ upadne djavolu u ruke
root(čuxъte-2, ROOT)
advmod(li-3, čuxъte-2)
vocative(xrtiani-4, čuxъte-2)
mark(kakvo-5, bilo-7)
aux:prf(e-6, bilo-7)
advcl(bilo-7, čuxъte-2)
advmod(teško-8, bilo-7)
cc(i-9, gorъko-10)
conj(gorъko-10, teško-8)
amod:mark(koi-11, člveъ-12)
nsubj(člveъ-12, upadne-13)
advcl:obl(upadne-13, bilo-7)
obl:iobj(djavolu-14, upadne-13)
case(u-15, ruke-16)
obl(ruke-16, upadne-13)čux͛te+
čuxъte
lemma: čuja 'hear' SJS SNSP Miklosich LOVe search
CS čuti has a more general meaning ʹperceive, feelʹ and also ʹunderstandʹ.
inflection: e-verb
tag: Vmii2pe
form: 2pl.aor/impf (pf)
element 1
dependency: root→0
li
li
lemma: li '(question particle)' search
tag: Qq
form: interrogative particle
element 2
dependency: advmod→1
xr͒tiăni
xrtiani
lemma: xristianin 'Christian' search
Punčo uses both -e and -i in pl.nom (6 vs. 9 in first 20 ch.)
inflection: ethno-stem noun
suffixes: singulative -inъ
tag: Nmpny
form: m.pl.nom
element 3
dependency: vocative→1
kakvo+
kakvo
lemma: kakvo 'what' search
Handled as A, if used adnominally.
suffixes: demonstrative -vo
tag: Pq
form: interrogative
element 4
dependency: mark→6
e
e
lemma: sъm 'be' SJS LOVe search
Used for most forms of the ʹbeʹ verb, including the (CS) infinitive byti, and excluding only perfective forms based on present stem bъda. In OCS, bъda is used also for the infinitive and other forms based on the aorist stem.
inflection: athematic
tag: Vaip3si
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
element 5
dependency: aux:prf→6
bilo
bilo
lemma: sъm 'be' SJS LOVe search
Used for most forms of the ʹbeʹ verb, including the (CS) infinitive byti, and excluding only perfective forms based on present stem bъda. In OCS, bъda is used also for the infinitive and other forms based on the aorist stem.
inflection: athematic
tag: Vmp--si or Ansnn
form: l-ptcp (ipf) or n.sg.nom/acc
element 6
dependency: advcl→1
téško
teško
lemma: težko 'heavily' search
suffixes: positive -k-, n.sg.nom/acc -o
tag: R
form: adverb
element 7
dependency: advmod→6
ʾi
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 8
dependency: cc→9
gor͛ko
gorъko
lemma: gorko 'bitterly' search
suffixes: positive -k-, n.sg.nom/acc -o
tag: R
form: adverb
element 9
dependency: conj→7
kóĭ
koi
lemma: koi 'who' search
Handled as A, if used adnominally, especially in CS, e.g. koeju xitrostiju ʹby what kind of cunningʹ. Pq---g kogo, Pq---d komu etc.
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Pq---n
form: nom
element 10
dependency: amod:mark→11
čl̃veь
člveъ
lemma: človek 'human' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS člověkъ, BG čovek. The initial čl- is common in the damaskini and Punčoʹs Sbornik. As in CS, it is commonly abbreviated as člkъ.
inflection: o-stem noun
tag: Nmsny
form: m.sg.nom
element 11
dependency: nsubj→12
upádne
upadne
lemma: upadna 'fall' SJS SNSP Miklosich LOVe search
CS oupasti
inflection: e-verb
prefixes: allative u-
suffixes: perfective -nǫ-
tag: Vmip2se
form: 2sg.prs (pf)
element 12
dependency: advcl:obl→6
As we the present tense is used here, the perfect-like construction in the previous clause likely denotes an evidential shade (renarrative), not a tense. However, the syntax is not fully clear.
djávolu
djavolu
lemma: diavol 'devil' search
inflection: o-stem noun
tag: Nmsdy
form: m.sg.dat
element 13
dependency: obl:iobj→12
u+
u
lemma: u 'at' search
tag: Sg
form: preposition
element 14
dependency: case→15
ruke
ruke
lemma: rъka 'hand' search
Forms like rъce and ruke are interpreted as duals.
inflection: ā-stem noun
tag: Nfdnn
form: f.dl.nom/acc
element 15
dependency: obl→12