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sentence 11
ʾi lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
zaprati lemma: zapratja 'send'
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
knigi lemma: kniga 'book, letter, literature'
form: f.pl.nom/acc
fer͛mane lemma: ferman 'firman'
form: m.pl.nom
po+ lemma: po 'after, along, according to'
form: preposition
sví+ lemma: sve 'all'
form: m.sg.nom
te lemma: tъ 'the'
form: m.pl.nom
gra_dove lemma: grad 'city'
form: m.pl.nom
elínski lemma: elinski 'of pagans, Greeks'
form: m.pl.nom
And he sent forth letters (and) commands to all pagan cities,
kadé+ lemma: kъde 'where'
form: interrogative
se lemma: se 'self'
form: refl.acc
ʾwbadi lemma: obadja 'call'
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
xrtianïnь lemma: xristianin 'Christian'
form: m.sg.nom
da+ lemma: da 'to'
form: conjunction
gò lemma: toi 'he'
form: m.3sg.gen/acc (short)
privedutь lemma: priveda 'lead in'
form: 3pl.prs (pf)
prí lemma: pri 'by'
form: preposition
cára lemma: car 'king, emperor'
form: m.sg.gen/acc.anim
whenever a Christian appears, to send him to the Emperor,
da+ lemma: da 'to'
form: conjunction
As the verb is in first person, the clause may have been a separate sentence.
go lemma: toi 'he'
form: m.3sg.gen/acc (short)
muča lemma: mъča 'torture'
form: 1sg.prs (ipf)
za+ lemma: za 'for, about'
form: preposition
veru lemma: věra 'faith, belief'
form: f.sg.acc
so that (he) may torment him for faith.
total elements: 23
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ROOT i zaprati knigi ferъmane po svi te gradove elinski kade se obadi xrtianinъ da go privedutъ pri cara da go muča za veru
cc(i-2, zaprati-3)
root(zaprati-3, ROOT)
obj(knigi-4, zaprati-3)
appos(ferъmane-5, knigi-4)
case(po-6, gradove-9)
amod:det(svi-7, gradove-9)
det:p_adj(te-8, svi-7)
obl(gradove-9, zaprati-3)
amod(elinski-10, gradove-9)
mark(kade-11, obadi-13)
expl(se-12, obadi-13)
advcl(obadi-13, privedutъ-17)
nsubj(xrtianinъ-14, obadi-13)
mark(da-15, privedutъ-17)
obj(go-16, privedutъ-17)
acl(privedutъ-17, knigi-4)
case(pri-18, cara-19)
obl(cara-19, privedutъ-17)
mark(da-20, muča-22)
obj(go-21, muča-22)
advcl(muča-22, privedutъ-17)
case(za-23, veru-24)
obl(veru-24, muča-22)ʾi
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 1
dependency: cc→2
zaprati
zaprati
lemma: zapratja 'send' search
inflection: i-verb
prefixes: postlative za-
tag: Vmia3se
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
element 2
dependency: root→0
knigi
knigi
lemma: kniga 'book, letter, literature' SJS search
OCS kъnigy (plurale tantum)
inflection: ā-stem noun
tag: Nfpnn
form: f.pl.nom/acc
element 3
dependency: obj→2
fer͛mane
ferъmane
lemma: ferman 'firman' search
tr. ferman ʹedictʹ; Punčo uses pl. fermane.
inflection: o-stem noun
tag: Nmpnn
form: m.pl.nom
element 4
dependency: appos→3
po+
po
lemma: po 'after, along, according to' search
tag: Sd
form: preposition
element 5
dependency: case→8
sví+
svi
lemma: sve 'all' search
A dialectal variant of vse, preferred by Punčo. The n.sg form chosen, as the lemma is often used as a N (ʹeverythingʹ) or R (ʹfullyʹ).
inflection: mixed pronominal
tag: Amsnn
form: m.sg.nom
element 6
dependency: amod:det→8
te
te
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-mpn
form: m.pl.nom
element 7
dependency: det:p_adj→6
gra_dove
gradove
lemma: grad 'city' SJS search
inflection: monosyllabic noun
tag: Nmpnn
form: m.pl.nom
element 8
dependency: obl→2
elínski
elinski
lemma: elinski 'of pagans, Greeks' search
inflection: hard adjectival
suffixes: relational -ьsk-
tag: Ampnn
form: m.pl.nom
element 9
dependency: amod→8
kadé+
kade
lemma: kъde 'where' search
BG variant of CS gde - used, when the jer is reflected in the text.
suffixes: C-stem sg.gen/loc -e
tag: Pq
form: interrogative
element 10
dependency: mark→12
se
se
lemma: se 'self' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS sę. The lemma is used for all forms of the reflexive pronoun. Annotation: sebe Px---g, si (and CS sebě) Px---d, se (or sę) Px---a, soboju (or sobojǫ) Px---i.
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Px---a
form: refl.acc
element 11
dependency: expl→12
ʾwbadi
obadi
lemma: obadja 'call' search
inflection: i-verb
prefixes: circumlative ob-
tag: Vmia3se
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
element 12
dependency: advcl→16
xrtianïnь
xrtianinъ
lemma: xristianin 'Christian' search
Punčo uses both -e and -i in pl.nom (6 vs. 9 in first 20 ch.)
inflection: ethno-stem noun
suffixes: singulative -inъ
tag: Nmsny
form: m.sg.nom
element 13
dependency: nsubj→12
da+
da
lemma: da 'to' search
See the Reference Grammar for more details on the use of its function.
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 14
dependency: mark→16
gò
go
lemma: toi 'he' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
Also used for m3sg personal pronoun based on the root *j-. Annotation of oblique forms: nego Pp3msg, nemu or mu Pp3msd, go Pp3msa
Punčo prefers on as the m.3sg.nom form.
inflection: nominal pronoun
suffixes: demonstrative -j-
tag: Pp3msa
form: m.3sg.gen/acc (short)
element 15
dependency: obj→16
privedutь
privedutъ
lemma: priveda 'lead in' LOVe search
inflection: e-verb
prefixes: allative pri-
tag: Vmip3pe
form: 3pl.prs (pf)
element 16
dependency: acl→3
prí
pri
lemma: pri 'by' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: Sa
form: preposition
element 17
dependency: case→18
cára
cara
lemma: car 'king, emperor' SJS search
OCS cěsarь, commonly shortened already in oldest texts.
Punčo uses old jo- (pl.nom cari) or monosyllabic stem endings (carove), but elsewhere we can seen also old i-stem endings (carie). Modern BG uses -e taken from other paradigms. The oscillation between i- and jo-stem is also reflected in modern CS grammars (cf. Bončev 1952:16, Mironova 2010:52).
inflection: jo-stem noun
tag: Nmsgy
form: m.sg.gen/acc.anim
element 18
dependency: obl→16
da+
da
lemma: da 'to' search
See the Reference Grammar for more details on the use of its function.
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 19
dependency: mark→21
As the verb is in first person, the clause may have been a separate sentence.
go
go
lemma: toi 'he' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
Also used for m3sg personal pronoun based on the root *j-. Annotation of oblique forms: nego Pp3msg, nemu or mu Pp3msd, go Pp3msa
Punčo prefers on as the m.3sg.nom form.
inflection: nominal pronoun
suffixes: demonstrative -j-
tag: Pp3msa
form: m.3sg.gen/acc (short)
element 20
dependency: obj→21
muča
muča
lemma: mъča 'torture' SJS LOVe search
CS mǫčiti
inflection: i-verb
tag: Vmip1si
form: 1sg.prs (ipf)
element 21
dependency: advcl→16
za+
za
lemma: za 'for, about' search
tag: Sg
form: preposition
element 22
dependency: case→23
veru
veru
lemma: věra 'faith, belief' LOVe search
Punčo seems to use it in the meaning ʹnationʹ too, e.g. nadviva na svi+te veri ʹ(Muscovy) is defeating all the faiths/nationsʹ.
inflection: ā-stem noun
tag: Nfsan
form: f.sg.acc
element 23
dependency: obl→21