chapter view
sentence 26
kogì lemma: koga 'when'
form: interrogative
načnemь lemma: načna 'begin'
form: 1sg.prs (pf)
da+ lemma: da 'to'
form: conjunction
nè lemma: ne 'no, not'
form: negation particle
učimь lemma: uča 'learn'
form: 1sg.prs (ipf)
sñove lemma: sin 'son'
form: m.pl.nom
čl̃o_véčeski lemma: človečeski 'of humans'
form: m.pl.nom
ni lemma: ni 'nor'
form: conjunction
našto lemma: zašto 'for'
form: conjunction
< zašto ?
togíva lemma: togiva 'then'
form: relative
če+ lemma: če (2) 'will (future particle)'
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
< xoče ?
da+ lemma: da 'to'
form: conjunction
rečútь lemma: reka 'say'
form: 3pl.prs (pf)
lju_die lemma: ljudie 'people'
form: m.pl.nom
ʺWhen I start to teach the sons of man, the people start to say:ʺ
total elements: 14
tree view (.svg)
linear view (Embedded brat):
view .conllu
ROOT kogi načnemъ da ne učimъ snove človečeski ni našto togiva če da rečutъ ljudie
mark(kogi-2, učimъ-6)
aux(načnemъ-3, učimъ-6)
fixed:inf(da-4, načnemъ-3)
advmod(ne-5, učimъ-6)
advcl(učimъ-6, rečutъ-14)
obj(snove-7, učimъ-6)
amod(človečeski-8, snove-7)
advmod(ni-9, našto-10)
advmod(našto-10, učimъ-6)
advmod(togiva-11, rečutъ-14)
aux:fut(če-12, rečutъ-14)
fixed:inf(da-13, če-12)
root(rečutъ-14, ROOT)
nsubj(ljudie-15, rečutъ-14)kogì
kogi
lemma: koga 'when' search
Often used by Punčo as a relative pronoun too.
tag: Pq
form: interrogative
element 1
dependency: mark→5
načnemь
načnemъ
lemma: načna 'begin' LOVe search
CS načęti. If used as an auxiliary verb, the main verb is in infinitive or in da-construction (cf. Mirčev 1978:235)
inflection: e-verb
prefixes: additive na-
tag: Vmip1se
form: 1sg.prs (pf)
element 2
dependency: aux→5
da+
da
lemma: da 'to' search
See the Reference Grammar for more details on the use of its function.
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 3
dependency: fixed:inf→2
nè
ne
lemma: ne 'no, not' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: Qz
form: negation particle
element 4
dependency: advmod→5
učimь
učimъ
lemma: uča 'learn' SJS LOVe search
CS učiti - biaspectual in SJS
inflection: i-verb
suffixes: causative -i-
tag: Vmip1si
form: 1sg.prs (ipf)
element 5
dependency: advcl→13
sñove
snove
lemma: sin 'son' SJS search
CS synъ was an u-stem. Punčo seems to follow a paradigm combining o-stem oblique case endings with u-stem direct forms (as in other monosyllabic masc nouns): sg.nom sinь, gen sina, dat sinu, voc sine, pl.nom sinove/sinovi, also pl.acc sini (< CS syny).
The two pl.nom forms may remind us of Serbo-Croat variation (pl.nom -ovi, pl.acc -ove). However, Punčo clearly prefers the form -ove (the other form comes only once in 9 instances in first 30 chapters), which is used both in subject and oblique positions.
inflection: monosyllabic noun
tag: Nmpny
form: m.pl.nom
element 6
dependency: obj→5
čl̃o_véčeski
človečeski
lemma: človečeski 'of humans' search
inflection: hard adjectival
suffixes: relational -ьsk-
tag: Ampnn
form: m.pl.nom
element 7
dependency: amod→6
ni
ni
lemma: ni 'nor' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 8
dependency: advmod→9
našto
našto
lemma: zašto 'for' search
Used commonly with the relative meaning of zaštoto. Could be also analyzed as an interrogative pronoun. Sometimes, Paisius (and Punčo) uses it in the consequent meaning ʹthatʹ - like što or če. See čto for etymology.
suffixes: demonstrative -to
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 9
dependency: advmod→5
< zašto ?
togíva
togiva
lemma: togiva 'then' search
suffixes: demonstrative -va
tag: Pr
form: relative
element 10
dependency: advmod→13
če+
če
lemma: če (2) 'will (future particle)' search
A shortened variant of xoče, rarely used by Punčo.
inflection: e-verb
suffixes: 3sg.prs -e
tag: Vaip3si
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
element 11
dependency: aux:fut→13
< xoče ?
da+
da
lemma: da 'to' search
See the Reference Grammar for more details on the use of its function.
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 12
dependency: fixed:inf→11
rečútь
rečutъ
lemma: reka 'say' SJS SNSP Miklosich LOVe search
CS rešti, 1sg.prs rekǫ, 2sg rečeši, 1sg.aor rěxъ, 2sg reče. Considered biaspectual in SJS/SNSP because of common use in present participles (Kamphuis 2016:219, link). Tagged as perfective in OCS too, because of contrast to glagolati.
inflection: e-verb
tag: Vmip3pe
form: 3pl.prs (pf)
element 13
dependency: root→0
lju_die
ljudie
lemma: ljudie 'people' search
CS pl.nom ljudie, pl.acc ljudi - sometimes distinguished by Punčo too! The current standard BG form is unclear (BAN III 577: ljudi, rechnik.chitanka: ljude).
inflection: i-stem noun
tag: Nmpny
form: m.pl.nom
element 14
dependency: nsubj→13