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sentence 47
ʾá+ lemma: a 'and, but'
form: conjunction
cr̃ь lemma: car 'king, emperor'
form: m.sg.nom
ko_stan͛din lemma: Konstantin 'Constantine'
form: m.sg.nom
povelè lemma: povelja 'give an order'
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
da lemma: da 'to'
form: conjunction
nósatь lemma: nosja 'carry'
form: 3pl.prs (ipf)
čt͒nagw; lemma: česten 'true, honorable'
form: m.sg.gen/acc.pron
kr͒tà lemma: krъst 'cross'
form: m.sg.gen
na_prédь lemma: napred 'forward'
form: adverb
prédь lemma: pred 'in front'
form: preposition
voisku+ lemma: voiska 'army'
form: f.sg.acc
tu lemma: tъ 'the'
form: f.sg.acc
But Emperor Constantine orderred the True Cross to be carried in front of the army.
total elements: 12
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ROOT a crъ kostanъdin povele da nosatъ čtnago krta napredъ predъ voisku tu
cc(a-2, povele-5)
nsubj(crъ-3, povele-5)
appos(kostanъdin-4, crъ-3)
root(povele-5, ROOT)
mark(da-6, nosatъ-7)
advcl(nosatъ-7, povele-5)
amod(čtnago-8, krta-9)
obj(krta-9, nosatъ-7)
amod(napredъ-10, voisku-12)
case(predъ-11, voisku-12)
obl:loc(voisku-12, nosatъ-7)
det:p_nom(tu-13, voisku-12)ʾá+
a
lemma: a 'and, but' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 1
dependency: cc→4
cr̃ь
crъ
lemma: car 'king, emperor' SJS search
OCS cěsarь, commonly shortened already in oldest texts.
Punčo uses old jo- (pl.nom cari) or monosyllabic stem endings (carove), but elsewhere we can seen also old i-stem endings (carie). Modern BG uses -e taken from other paradigms. The oscillation between i- and jo-stem is also reflected in modern CS grammars (cf. Bončev 1952:16, Mironova 2010:52).
inflection: jo-stem noun
tag: Nmsny
form: m.sg.nom
element 2
dependency: nsubj→4
ko_stan͛din
kostanъdin
lemma: Konstantin 'Constantine' search
Punčo prefers the spelling Kostandinь.
inflection: o-stem noun
tag: Nmsny
form: m.sg.nom
element 3
dependency: appos→2
povelè
povele
lemma: povelja 'give an order' SJS LOVe search
CS povelěti
inflection: i-verb
prefixes: delimitative po-
suffixes: stative -ě-
tag: Vmia3se
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
element 4
dependency: root→0
da
da
lemma: da 'to' search
See the Reference Grammar for more details on the use of its function.
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 5
dependency: mark→6
nósatь
nosatъ
lemma: nosja 'carry' LOVe search
inflection: i-verb
tag: Vmip3pi
form: 3pl.prs (ipf)
element 6
dependency: advcl→4
čt͒nagw;
čtnago
lemma: česten 'true, honorable' search
CS čьstьnъ
inflection: hard adjectival
suffixes: relational -ьn-
tag: Amsgy
form: m.sg.gen/acc.pron
element 7
dependency: amod→8
kr͒tà
krta
lemma: krъst 'cross' SJS search
inflection: monosyllabic noun
tag: Nmsgn
form: m.sg.gen
element 8
dependency: obj→6
na_prédь
napredъ
lemma: napred 'forward' search
prefixes: additive na-
suffixes: i-stem sg.nom/acc -ь
tag: R
form: adverb
element 9
dependency: amod→11
prédь
predъ
lemma: pred 'in front' search
CS prědъ
tag: Si
form: preposition
element 10
dependency: case→11
voisku+
voisku
lemma: voiska 'army' search
Used as f.sg, although BAN (I 173) knows also a neut. form voisko from the area.
inflection: ā-stem noun
suffixes: relational -ьsk-
tag: Nfsan
form: f.sg.acc
element 11
dependency: obl:loc→6
tu
tu
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-fsa
form: f.sg.acc
element 12
dependency: det:p_nom→11