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sentence 255
ʾw+ lemma: o 'oh'
form: interjection
cr̃u lemma: car 'king, emperor'
form: m.sg.voc
čestíti lemma: čestit 'honorable'
form: m.sg.nom.pron
tojá lemma: toja 'that'
form: m.sg.nom
sьnь lemma: sъn 'slumber, dream'
form: m.sg.nom/acc
ʾi+ lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
mal͛ki+ lemma: malъk 'little'
form: m.pl.nom
te lemma: tъ 'the'
form: m.pl.nom
deca lemma: dete 'child'
form: n.pl.nom/acc
znajutь lemma: znaja 'know'
form: 3pl.prs (ipf)
ʺo honorable King, even small children know that dreamʺ
total elements: 10
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ROOT o cru čestiti toja sъnъ i malki te deca znajutъ
discourse(o-2, cru-3)
vocative(cru-3, znajutъ-11)
amod(čestiti-4, cru-3)
det:ext(toja-5, sъnъ-6)
obj(sъnъ-6, znajutъ-11)
cc(i-7, znajutъ-11)
amod(malki-8, deca-10)
det:p_adj(te-9, malki-8)
nsubj(deca-10, znajutъ-11)
root(znajutъ-11, ROOT)ʾw+
o
lemma: o 'oh' search
Usually precedes vocatives.
tag: I
form: interjection
element 1
dependency: discourse→2
cr̃u
cru
lemma: car 'king, emperor' SJS search
OCS cěsarь, commonly shortened already in oldest texts.
Punčo uses old jo- (pl.nom cari) or monosyllabic stem endings (carove), but elsewhere we can seen also old i-stem endings (carie). Modern BG uses -e taken from other paradigms. The oscillation between i- and jo-stem is also reflected in modern CS grammars (cf. Bončev 1952:16, Mironova 2010:52).
inflection: jo-stem noun
tag: Nmsvy
form: m.sg.voc
element 2
dependency: vocative→10
čestíti
čestiti
lemma: čestit 'honorable' search
inflection: hard adjectival
tag: Amsny
form: m.sg.nom.pron
element 3
dependency: amod→2
tojá
toja
lemma: toja 'that' search
The basic form reflects m.sg.nom, but the lemma also covers f.sg.nom taja (Pd-fsn), f.sg.acc tuju (Pd-fsa) and pl.nom tija (Pd--pa).
inflection: hard stem pronominal
suffixes: demonstrative -j-
tag: Pd-msn
form: m.sg.nom
element 4
dependency: det:ext→5
sьnь
sъnъ
lemma: sъn 'slumber, dream' SJS search
inflection: monosyllabic noun
tag: Nmsnn
form: m.sg.nom/acc
element 5
dependency: obj→10
ʾi+
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 6
dependency: cc→10
mal͛ki+
malki
lemma: malъk 'little' LOVe search
inflection: hard adjectival
tag: Ampnn
form: m.pl.nom
element 7
dependency: amod→9
te
te
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-mpn
form: m.pl.nom
element 8
dependency: det:p_adj→7
deca
deca
lemma: dete 'child' search
inflection: nt-stem noun
suffixes: diminutive -ę
tag: Nnpny
form: n.pl.nom/acc
element 9
dependency: nsubj→10
znajutь
znajutъ
lemma: znaja 'know' SJS SNSP Miklosich LOVe search
Punčo prefers the athematic 1sg.prs form znamь.
inflection: e-verb
tag: Vmip3pi
form: 3pl.prs (ipf)
element 10
dependency: root→0