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sentence 103
ʾw+ lemma: o 'oh'
form: interjection
júdo lemma: Juda 'Judah, Judas'
form: f.sg.voc
ʾwkaʾjaniče lemma: okajanik 'poor one'
form: m.sg.voc
ne+ lemma: ne 'no, not'
form: negation particle
vidíš+ lemma: vidja 'see'
form: 2sg.prs (pf)
li lemma: li '(question particle)'
form: interrogative particle
zaštó+ lemma: zašto 'for'
form: interrogative
e lemma: sъm 'be'
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
tója lemma: toja 'that'
form: m.sg.nom
gd͒ь lemma: Gospod 'Lord'
form: m.sg.nom
naprávilь lemma: napravja 'make'
form: l-ptcp (pf)
nb̃+ lemma: nebe 'heaven, sky'
form: n.sg.nom/acc
to lemma: tъ 'the'
form: n.sg.nom
ʾi+ lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
zemljú+ lemma: zemlja 'land, earth'
form: f.sg.nom
tu lemma: tъ 'the'
form: f.sg.acc
Oh, wretched Judas, donʹt you see that this Lord made the heaven and the earth?
total elements: 16
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ROOT o judo okajaniče ne vidiš li zašto e toja gdъ napravilъ nb to i zemlju tu
discourse(o-2, judo-3)
vocative(judo-3, vidiš-6)
appos(okajaniče-4, judo-3)
advmod(ne-5, vidiš-6)
root(vidiš-6, ROOT)
advmod(li-7, vidiš-6)
mark(zašto-8, napravilъ-12)
aux:prf(e-9, napravilъ-12)
det:ext(toja-10, gdъ-11)
nsubj(gdъ-11, napravilъ-12)
advcl(napravilъ-12, vidiš-6)
obj(nb-13, napravilъ-12)
det:p_nom(to-14, nb-13)
cc(i-15, zemlju-16)
conj(zemlju-16, napravilъ-12)
det:p_nom(tu-17, zemlju-16)ʾw+
o
lemma: o 'oh' search
Usually precedes vocatives.
tag: I
form: interjection
element 1
dependency: discourse→2
júdo
judo
lemma: Juda 'Judah, Judas' SJS search
OCS Ijuda
tag: Nfsvy
form: f.sg.voc
element 2
dependency: vocative→5
ʾwkaʾjaniče
okajaniče
lemma: okajanik 'poor one' search
inflection: jo-stem noun
prefixes: circumlative ob-
suffixes: agent -ьnikъ
tag: Nmsvy
form: m.sg.voc
element 3
dependency: appos→2
ne+
ne
lemma: ne 'no, not' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: Qz
form: negation particle
element 4
dependency: advmod→5
vidíš+
vidiš
lemma: vidja 'see' SJS LOVe search
BG vidja ʹseeʹ is perfective, with viždam as its imperfective counterpart. Punčo uses only the first stem (1sg.prs vidim), which seems to cover both aspects (e.g. both in present and aorist tenses). Biaspectual in SJS.
inflection: i-verb
suffixes: stative -ě-
tag: Vmip2se
form: 2sg.prs (pf)
element 5
dependency: root→0
li
li
lemma: li '(question particle)' search
tag: Qq
form: interrogative particle
element 6
dependency: advmod→5
zaštó+
zašto
lemma: zašto 'for' search
Used commonly with the relative meaning of zaštoto. Could be also analyzed as an interrogative pronoun. Sometimes, Paisius (and Punčo) uses it in the consequent meaning ʹthatʹ - like što or če. See čto for etymology.
suffixes: demonstrative -to
tag: Pq
form: interrogative
element 7
dependency: mark→11
e
e
lemma: sъm 'be' SJS LOVe search
Used for most forms of the ʹbeʹ verb, including the (CS) infinitive byti, and excluding only perfective forms based on present stem bъda. In OCS, bъda is used also for the infinitive and other forms based on the aorist stem.
inflection: athematic
tag: Vaip3si
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
element 8
dependency: aux:prf→11
tója
toja
lemma: toja 'that' search
The basic form reflects m.sg.nom, but the lemma also covers f.sg.nom taja (Pd-fsn), f.sg.acc tuju (Pd-fsa) and pl.nom tija (Pd--pa).
inflection: hard stem pronominal
suffixes: demonstrative -j-
tag: Pd-msn
form: m.sg.nom
element 9
dependency: det:ext→10
gd͒ь
gdъ
lemma: Gospod 'Lord' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
Endings commonly used by Punčo (gda, gdu) are typical of o-stems. OCS Gospodь was originally an i-stem, what is still reflected on the vocative g-di (cf. Lunt 2001:75). Older sg.gen gospodně (often abbreviated gdně) indicate influence of n-stems like dьnь. These are handled as a sg.gen soft-stem possessive adjectives (lemma Gospoden).
inflection: irregular
tag: Nmsny
form: m.sg.nom
element 10
dependency: nsubj→11
naprávilь
napravilъ
lemma: napravja 'make' LOVe search
inflection: i-verb
prefixes: additive na-
tag: Vmp--se
form: l-ptcp (pf)
element 11
dependency: advcl→5
nb̃+
nb
lemma: nebe 'heaven, sky' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS nebo, sg.gen nebese. Later CS sources commonly show locative forms, but not so much the OCS na nebese (or pl. -esьxъ), as nebesi (jo-stem sg.) or nebesěxъ (o-stem pl.), which are found in Punčoʹs text too. O-stem forms like sg.dat nbu are also common.
inflection: s-stem noun
tag: Nnsnn
form: n.sg.nom/acc
element 12
dependency: obj→11
to
to
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-nsn
form: n.sg.nom
element 13
dependency: det:p_nom→12
ʾi+
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 14
dependency: cc→15
zemljú+
zemlju
lemma: zemlja 'land, earth' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS variant of BG zemja. Used if the epenthetic /l/ is written (as preferred by Punčo).
inflection: jā-stem noun
tag: Nfsnn
form: f.sg.nom
element 15
dependency: conj→11
tu
tu
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-fsa
form: f.sg.acc
element 16
dependency: det:p_nom→15