chapter view
sentence 139
ʾi+ lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
poče lemma: počna 'begin'
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
ʾonája lemma: onja 'that'
form: f.sg.nom
zmíja lemma: zmija 'snake'
form: f.sg.nom
da+ lemma: da 'to'
form: conjunction
ìsplь´zuva lemma: izplъzvam 'crawl out'
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
ìz+ lemma: iz 'from'
form: preposition
ustá+ lemma: usta 'mouth'
form: n.pl.nom/acc
ta+ lemma: tъ 'the'
form: n.pl.nom
mu lemma: toi 'he'
form: m.3sg.dat
and that snake began to crawl out of his mouth
total elements: 10
tree view (.svg)
linear view (Embedded brat):
view .conllu
ROOT i poče onaja zmija da isplъzuva iz usta ta mu
cc(i-2, isplъzuva-7)
aux:inf(poče-3, isplъzuva-7)
det:ext(onaja-4, da-6)
nsubj(zmija-5, isplъzuva-7)
fixed(da-6, isplъzuva-7)
root(isplъzuva-7, ROOT)
case(iz-8, usta-9)
obl:abl(usta-9, isplъzuva-7)
det:p_nom(ta-10, usta-9)
nmod:poss(mu-11, usta-9)ʾi+
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 1
dependency: cc→6
poče
poče
lemma: počna 'begin' LOVe search
CS počęti. If used as an auxiliary verb, the main verb is in infinitive or in da-construction (cf. Mirčev 1978:235)
inflection: e-verb
prefixes: delimitative po-
tag: Vmia3se
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
element 2
dependency: aux:inf→6
ʾonája
onaja
lemma: onja 'that' search
Used if the -ja suffix is present.
inflection: hard stem pronominal
suffixes: demonstrative -ja
tag: Pd-fsn
form: f.sg.nom
element 3
dependency: det:ext→5
zmíja
zmija
lemma: zmija 'snake' search
inflection: jā-stem noun
tag: Nfsny
form: f.sg.nom
element 4
dependency: nsubj→6
da+
da
lemma: da 'to' search
See the Reference Grammar for more details on the use of its function.
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 5
dependency: fixed→6
ìsplь´zuva
isplъzuva
lemma: izplъzvam 'crawl out' search
inflection: a-verb
prefixes: ablative iz-
suffixes: iterative -va-
tag: Vmip3si
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
element 6
dependency: root→0
ìz+
iz
lemma: iz 'from' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
As a prefix, in CS /z/ is usually assimilated to voiceless consonants in the root onset; in Punčoʹs dialect, it is also often shortened to s- (e.g. skusen ʹexperiencedʹ).
tag: Sg
form: preposition
element 7
dependency: case→8
ustá+
usta
lemma: usta 'mouth' search
inflection: o-stem noun
tag: Nnpnn
form: n.pl.nom/acc
element 8
dependency: obl:abl→6
ta+
ta
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-npn
form: n.pl.nom
element 9
dependency: det:p_nom→8
mu
mu
lemma: toi 'he' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
Also used for m3sg personal pronoun based on the root *j-. Annotation of oblique forms: nego Pp3msg, nemu or mu Pp3msd, go Pp3msa
Punčo prefers on as the m.3sg.nom form.
inflection: nominal pronoun
suffixes: demonstrative -j-
tag: Pp3msd
form: m.3sg.dat
element 10
dependency: nmod:poss→8