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sentence 40
i+ lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
po+ lemma: po 'after, along, according to'
form: preposition
tomъ+ lemma: tъ 'the'
form: m.sg.loc
dardanuša lemma: Dardanuš 'Dardanus'
form: m.sg.gen/acc.anim
králъ+ lemma: kral 'king'
form: m.sg.nom
rodi+ lemma: rodja 'give birth, beget'
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
snâ, lemma: sin 'son'
form: m.sg.gen/acc.anim
troiloušǫ+ lemma: Troiluša 'Tros'
form: f.sg.acc
kralě. lemma: kral 'king'
form: m.sg.gen/acc.anim
And then King Dardanos gave birth to a son, king Tros.
total elements: 9
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ROOT i po tomъ dardanuša kralъ rodi sna troiloušǫ kralě
cc(i-2, rodi-7)
case(po-3, tomъ-4)
obl(tomъ-4, rodi-7)
nsubj(dardanuša-5, rodi-7)
appos(kralъ-6, dardanuša-5)
root(rodi-7, ROOT)
obj(sna-8, rodi-7)
appos(troiloušǫ-9, sna-8)
appos(kralě-10, troiloušǫ-9)i+
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 1
dependency: cc→6
po+
po
lemma: po 'after, along, according to' search
tag: Sl
form: preposition
element 2
dependency: case→3
tomъ+
tomъ
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-msl
form: m.sg.loc
element 3
dependency: obl→6
dardanuša
dardanuša
lemma: Dardanuš 'Dardanus' search
inflection: jo-stem noun
tag: Nmsgy
form: m.sg.gen/acc.anim
element 4
dependency: nsubj→6
králъ+
kralъ
lemma: kral 'king' search
An alternative to knęz as the second highest secular title (ʹkingʹ). Paisius divides the Bulgarian rulers to krale ʹkingsʹ and care ʹemperorsʹ, going back to a story about ʺAsen the Greatʺ (actually Khan Tervel). Pagan rulers used titles arkhon or kanasubigi, later the Slavic kъnęźь. The title kralь was common in West Slavic area, and its use in the South is likely a later Hungarian influence.
inflection: jo-stem noun
suffixes: possessive -ьj-
tag: Nmsny
form: m.sg.nom
element 5
dependency: appos→4
rodi+
rodi
lemma: rodja 'give birth, beget' LOVe search
inflection: i-verb
tag: Vmia3se
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
element 6
dependency: root→0
snâ,
sna
lemma: sin 'son' SJS search
CS synъ was an u-stem. Punčo seems to follow a paradigm combining o-stem oblique case endings with u-stem direct forms (as in other monosyllabic masc nouns): sg.nom sinь, gen sina, dat sinu, voc sine, pl.nom sinove/sinovi, also pl.acc sini (< CS syny).
The two pl.nom forms may remind us of Serbo-Croat variation (pl.nom -ovi, pl.acc -ove). However, Punčo clearly prefers the form -ove (the other form comes only once in 9 instances in first 30 chapters), which is used both in subject and oblique positions.
inflection: monosyllabic noun
tag: Nmsgy
form: m.sg.gen/acc.anim
element 7
dependency: obj→6
troiloušǫ+
troiloušǫ
lemma: Troiluša 'Tros' search
inflection: jā-stem noun
tag: Nfsay
form: f.sg.acc
element 8
dependency: appos→7
kralě.
kralě
lemma: kral 'king' search
An alternative to knęz as the second highest secular title (ʹkingʹ). Paisius divides the Bulgarian rulers to krale ʹkingsʹ and care ʹemperorsʹ, going back to a story about ʺAsen the Greatʺ (actually Khan Tervel). Pagan rulers used titles arkhon or kanasubigi, later the Slavic kъnęźь. The title kralь was common in West Slavic area, and its use in the South is likely a later Hungarian influence.
inflection: jo-stem noun
suffixes: possessive -ьj-
tag: Nmsgy
form: m.sg.gen/acc.anim
element 9
dependency: appos→8