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sentence 97
I lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
jedin lemma: edin 'one'
form: m.sg.nom
den lemma: den 'day'
form: m.sg.nom/acc
and one day
cato lemma: kato 'as'
form: conjunction
gledasce lemma: gledam 'watch'
form: 2/3sg.impf (ipf)
od lemma: od 'from, of'
form: preposition
Cula+ lemma: kula 'tower'
form: f.sg.nom
ta lemma: tъ 'the'
form: f.sg.nom
cade lemma: kъde 'where'
form: interrogative
~ *kъm ordata?
ordia+ lemma: orda 'army'
form: f.sg.nom
ta lemma: tъ 'the'
form: f.sg.nom
duscmanska, lemma: dušmanski 'enemy'
form: f.sg.nom
as he was looking from the tower towards the enemy host
vidè, lemma: vidja 'see'
form: 2/3sg.aor (ipf)
ci+ lemma: če 'that'
form: conjunction
se lemma: se 'self'
form: refl.acc
javi lemma: javja 'appear'
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
jedin lemma: edin 'one'
form: m.sg.nom
golem lemma: golěm 'big'
form: m.sg.nom
asker lemma: asker 'army'
form: m.sg.nom/acc
sè lemma: vse 'all'
form: n.sg.nom/acc
atlie, lemma: atli 'rider'
form: m.pl.nom
Google: tr. atlı 'riding'
i lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
hubave lemma: xubav 'beautiful'
form: m.pl.nom
pusatlie lemma: pusatli 'armed man'
form: m.pl.nom
sè lemma: vse 'all'
form: n.sg.nom/acc
sas lemma: s 'with'
form: preposition
bel lemma: běl 'white'
form: m.sg.nom
pusat, lemma: pusat 'weapon'
form: m.sg.nom/acc
he saw a great army appearing, all mounted, shiny warriors in white armor
total elements: 28
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ROOT I jedin den kato gledaše od kula ta kade ordia ta dušmanska vide či se javi jedin golem asker se atlie i xubave pusatlie se sas bel pusat
cc(I-2, vide-14)
det(jedin-3, den-4)
obl:loc(den-4, vide-14)
mark(kato-5, gledaše-6)
advcl(gledaše-6, vide-14)
case(od-7, kula-8)
obl:abl(kula-8, gledaše-6)
det:p_nom(ta-9, kula-8)
case(kade-10, gledaše-6)
obl:lat(ordia-11, gledaše-6)
det:p_nom(ta-12, ordia-11)
amod(dušmanska-13, ordia-11)
root(vide-14, ROOT)
mark(či-15, javi-17)
expl(se-16, javi-17)
advcl(javi-17, vide-14)
amod(jedin-18, asker-20)
amod(golem-19, asker-20)
nsubj(asker-20, javi-17)
amod(se-21, atlie-22)
appos(atlie-22, asker-20)
cc(i-23, pusatlie-25)
amod(xubave-24, pusatlie-25)
conj(pusatlie-25, atlie-22)
acl(se-26, atlie-22)
case(sas-27, pusat-29)
amod(bel-28, pusat-29)
obl(pusat-29, se-26)I
I
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 1
dependency: cc→13
jedin
jedin
lemma: edin 'one' search
Actually a cardinal numeral (Ml), often used as an indefinite pronoun too.
inflection: hard adjectival
suffixes: singulative -inъ
tag: Amsnn
form: m.sg.nom
element 2
dependency: det→3
den
den
lemma: den 'day' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS dьnь is irregular, with traces of i-, jo- and n-stem forms in the paradigm. Punčo uses pl. form dni.
inflection: irregular
tag: Nmsnn
form: m.sg.nom/acc
element 3
dependency: obl:loc→13
cato
kato
lemma: kato 'as' search
suffixes: demonstrative -to
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 4
dependency: mark→5
gledasce
gledaše
lemma: gledam 'watch' LOVe search
CS ględati (e-verb)
inflection: a-verb
tag: Vmii3si
form: 2/3sg.impf (ipf)
element 5
dependency: advcl→13
od
od
lemma: od 'from, of' search
Variant of ot, commonly used by Carski (and in MK).
prefixes: circumlative ob-
tag: Sg
form: preposition
element 6
dependency: case→7
Cula+
kula
lemma: kula 'tower' search
inflection: ā-stem noun
tag: Nfsnn
form: f.sg.nom
element 7
dependency: obl:abl→5
ta
ta
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-fsn
form: f.sg.nom
element 8
dependency: det:p_nom→7
cade
kade
lemma: kъde 'where' search
BG variant of CS gde - used, when the jer is reflected in the text.
suffixes: C-stem sg.gen/loc -e
tag: Pq
form: interrogative
element 9
dependency: case→5
~ *kъm ordata?
ordia+
ordia
lemma: orda 'army' search
Carskiʹs word. Mauricio: Ordia ʹesercitoʹ < tr. ordu ʹarmyʹ (probably seen as sg.acc)
inflection: ā-stem noun
tag: Nfsnn
form: f.sg.nom
element 10
dependency: obl:lat→5
ta
ta
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-fsn
form: f.sg.nom
element 11
dependency: det:p_nom→10
duscmanska,
dušmanska
lemma: dušmanski 'enemy' search
inflection: hard adjectival
suffixes: relational -ьsk-
tag: Afsnn
form: f.sg.nom
element 12
dependency: amod→10
vidè,
vide
lemma: vidja 'see' SJS LOVe search
BG vidja ʹseeʹ is perfective, with viždam as its imperfective counterpart. Punčo uses only the first stem (1sg.prs vidim), which seems to cover both aspects (e.g. both in present and aorist tenses). Biaspectual in SJS.
inflection: i-verb
suffixes: stative -ě-
tag: Vmia3si
form: 2/3sg.aor (ipf)
element 13
dependency: root→0
ci+
či
lemma: če 'that' search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 14
dependency: mark→16
se
se
lemma: se 'self' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS sę. The lemma is used for all forms of the reflexive pronoun. Annotation: sebe Px---g, si (and CS sebě) Px---d, se (or sę) Px---a, soboju (or sobojǫ) Px---i.
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Px---a
form: refl.acc
element 15
dependency: expl→16
javi
javi
lemma: javja 'appear' SJS SNSP LOVe search
CS (j)aviti is given as perfective in dictionaries.
inflection: i-verb
tag: Vmia3se
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
element 16
dependency: advcl→13
jedin
jedin
lemma: edin 'one' search
Actually a cardinal numeral (Ml), often used as an indefinite pronoun too.
inflection: hard adjectival
suffixes: singulative -inъ
tag: Amsnn
form: m.sg.nom
element 17
dependency: amod→19
golem
golem
lemma: golěm 'big' search
inflection: hard adjectival
tag: Amsnn
form: m.sg.nom
element 18
dependency: amod→19
asker
asker
lemma: asker 'army' search
Carskiʹs word.
inflection: o-stem noun
tag: Nmsnn
form: m.sg.nom/acc
element 19
dependency: nsubj→16
sè
se
lemma: vse 'all' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
The n.sg.nom form chosen, as the lemma is often used as a N (ʹeverythingʹ) or R (ʹfullyʹ); CS/BG variant of sve.
inflection: mixed pronominal
tag: Ansnn
form: n.sg.nom/acc
element 20
dependency: amod→21
atlie,
atlie
lemma: atli 'rider' search
Carski: pl. atlie < tr. atlı ʹridingʹ
inflection: new i-stem noun
tag: Nmpny
form: m.pl.nom
element 21
dependency: appos→19
Google: tr. atlı 'riding'
i
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 22
dependency: cc→24
hubave
xubave
lemma: xubav 'beautiful' search
wiktionary: < per. xūb ʹgoodʹ
inflection: hard adjectival
suffixes: relational -av-
tag: Ampnn
form: m.pl.nom
element 23
dependency: amod→24
pusatlie
pusatlie
lemma: pusatli 'armed man' search
Carskiʹs word, mostly used in plural (e.g. hora pusatlie, Soltate pusatlie).
inflection: new i-stem noun
suffixes: TR agent -li-
tag: Nmpny
form: m.pl.nom
element 24
dependency: conj→21
sè
se
lemma: vse 'all' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
The n.sg.nom form chosen, as the lemma is often used as a N (ʹeverythingʹ) or R (ʹfullyʹ); CS/BG variant of sve.
inflection: mixed pronominal
tag: Ansnn
form: n.sg.nom/acc
element 25
dependency: acl→21
sas
sas
lemma: s 'with' search
tag: Si
form: preposition
element 26
dependency: case→28
bel
bel
lemma: běl 'white' LOVe search
inflection: hard adjectival
tag: Amsnn
form: m.sg.nom
element 27
dependency: amod→28
pusat,
pusat
lemma: pusat 'weapon' search
Carskiʹs word. BAN V 859: pusat ʹorъžieʹ < tr. pusat < gr. fōssaton < lat. fussatum
inflection: o-stem noun
tag: Nmsnn
form: m.sg.nom/acc
element 28
dependency: obl→25