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sentence 52
í+ lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
togazí lemma: togazi 'then'
form: relative
katu lemma: kato 'as'
form: conjunction
prínesuxa lemma: prinesa 'bring'
form: 3pl.aor/impf (pf)
poslanící+ lemma: poslanik ''
form: m.pl.nom
te lemma: tъ 'the'
form: m.pl.nom
crjuvi lemma: carev 'kingʹs'
form: m.pl.nom
firmaní lemma: firman ''
form: m.pl.nom
crъ lemma: car 'king, emperor'
form: m.sg.nom
fafъ lemma: v 'in'
form: preposition
stanbulъ lemma: Stanbul ''
form: m.sg.nom/acc
And then, as the envoys of the king brought the message (to the) king in Stambul
í+ lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
pručítaxa+ lemma: pročeta 'read'
form: 3pl.aor/impf (pf)
gẅ lemma: toi 'he'
form: m.3sg.gen/acc (short)
ẅnię lemma: onja 'that'
form: m.pl.nom
frencí lemma: frenci 'French'
form: m.pl.nom
fafъ lemma: v 'in'
form: preposition
grací lemma: grъk 'Greek'
form: m.pl.nom
and (as) those Franks in Greece read it,
i+ lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
tie lemma: tě 'they'
form: 3pl.nom
parvenъ lemma: pъrven 'original, first'
form: adverb
calovaxa lemma: cěluvam ''
form: 3pl.aor/impf (ipf)
fírma_na+ lemma: firman ''
form: m.sg.def
alt.analysis: m.sg.gen
tъ lemma: tъ 'the'
form: m.sg.nom
crjuvъ lemma: carev 'kingʹs'
form: m.sg.nom
they first kissed the message from the king
total elements: 25
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ROOT i togazi katu prinesuxa poslanici te crjuvi firmani crъ fafъ stanbulъ i pručitaxa go onię frenci fafъ graci i tie parvenъ calovaxa firmana tъ crjuvъ
cc(i-2, calovaxa-23)
advmod(togazi-3, calovaxa-23)
mark(katu-4, prinesuxa-5)
advcl(prinesuxa-5, calovaxa-23)
nsubj(poslanici-6, prinesuxa-5)
det:p_nom(te-7, poslanici-6)
amod:poss(crjuvi-8, firmani-9)
obj(firmani-9, prinesuxa-5)
obl:iobj(crъ-10, prinesuxa-5)
case(fafъ-11, stanbulъ-12)
nmod:loc(stanbulъ-12, crъ-10)
cc(i-13, pručitaxa-14)
conj(pručitaxa-14, prinesuxa-5)
obj(go-15, pručitaxa-14)
det:ext(onię-16, frenci-17)
nsubj(frenci-17, pručitaxa-14)
case(fafъ-18, graci-19)
nmod:loc(graci-19, frenci-17)
cc(i-20, calovaxa-23)
nsubj(tie-21, calovaxa-23)
advmod(parvenъ-22, calovaxa-23)
root(calovaxa-23, ROOT)
obj(firmana-24, calovaxa-23)
det:p_nom(tъ-25, firmana-24)
amod:poss(crjuvъ-26, firmana-24)í+
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 1
dependency: cc→22
togazí
togazi
lemma: togazi 'then' search
suffixes: demonstrative -zi
tag: Pr
form: relative
element 2
dependency: advmod→22
katu
katu
lemma: kato 'as' search
suffixes: demonstrative -to
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 3
dependency: mark→4
prínesuxa
prinesuxa
lemma: prinesa 'bring' LOVe search
inflection: e-verb
prefixes: allative pri-
tag: Vmii3pe
form: 3pl.aor/impf (pf)
element 4
dependency: advcl→22
poslanící+
poslanici
tag: Nmpny
form: m.pl.nom
element 5
dependency: nsubj→4
te
te
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-mpn
form: m.pl.nom
element 6
dependency: det:p_nom→5
crjuvi
crjuvi
lemma: carev 'kingʹs' search
Punčo uses also the hard variant carovь.
inflection: hard adjectival
suffixes: possessive -ov-
tag: Ampnn
form: m.pl.nom
element 7
dependency: amod:poss→8
firmaní
firmani
tag: Nmpnn
form: m.pl.nom
element 8
dependency: obj→4
crъ
crъ
lemma: car 'king, emperor' SJS search
OCS cěsarь, commonly shortened already in oldest texts.
Punčo uses old jo- (pl.nom cari) or monosyllabic stem endings (carove), but elsewhere we can seen also old i-stem endings (carie). Modern BG uses -e taken from other paradigms. The oscillation between i- and jo-stem is also reflected in modern CS grammars (cf. Bončev 1952:16, Mironova 2010:52).
inflection: jo-stem noun
tag: Nmsny
form: m.sg.nom
element 9
dependency: obl:iobj→4
fafъ
fafъ
lemma: v 'in' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
inflection: with loc or acc
tag: Si
form: preposition
element 10
dependency: case→11
stanbulъ
stanbulъ
tag: Nmsnn
form: m.sg.nom/acc
element 11
dependency: nmod:loc→9
í+
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 12
dependency: cc→13
pručítaxa+
pručitaxa
lemma: pročeta 'read' LOVe search
inflection: e-verb
prefixes: prolative pro-
tag: Vmii3pe
form: 3pl.aor/impf (pf)
element 13
dependency: conj→4
gẅ
go
lemma: toi 'he' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
Also used for m3sg personal pronoun based on the root *j-. Annotation of oblique forms: nego Pp3msg, nemu or mu Pp3msd, go Pp3msa
Punčo prefers on as the m.3sg.nom form.
inflection: nominal pronoun
suffixes: demonstrative -j-
tag: Pp3msa
form: m.3sg.gen/acc (short)
element 14
dependency: obj→13
ẅnię
onię
lemma: onja 'that' search
Used if the -ja suffix is present.
inflection: hard stem pronominal
suffixes: demonstrative -ja
tag: Pd-mpn
form: m.pl.nom
element 15
dependency: det:ext→16
frencí
frenci
lemma: frenci 'French' search
Attested only in plural (cf. Demina et al. 2012:1073). Actually denotes ʹFranksʹ (CS frǫzi, sg frǫgъ), i.e. crusaders.
inflection: o-stem noun
tag: Nmpny
form: m.pl.nom
element 16
dependency: nsubj→13
fafъ
fafъ
lemma: v 'in' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
inflection: with loc or acc
tag: Si
form: preposition
element 17
dependency: case→18
grací
graci
lemma: grъk 'Greek' search
inflection: o-stem noun
tag: Nmpny
form: m.pl.nom
element 18
dependency: nmod:loc→16
i+
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 19
dependency: cc→22
tie
tie
lemma: tě 'they' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
Also used for 3pl personal pronoun based on the root *j-. Annotation of oblique forms: těx Pp3-pg, im or mgi Pp3-pd, gi or ix Pp3-pa
Punčo prefers oni as pl.nom form.
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Pp3-pn
form: 3pl.nom
element 20
dependency: nsubj→22
parvenъ
parvenъ
lemma: pъrven 'original, first' search
RBE: link
inflection: hard adjectival
suffixes: relational -ьn-
tag: R
form: adverb
element 21
dependency: advmod→22
calovaxa
calovaxa
tag: Vmii3pi
form: 3pl.aor/impf (ipf)
element 22
dependency: root→0
fírma_na+
firmana
tag: Nmson or Nmsgn
form: m.sg.def or m.sg.gen
element 23
dependency: obj→22
tъ
tъ
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-msn
form: m.sg.nom
element 24
dependency: det:p_nom→23
crjuvъ
crjuvъ
lemma: carev 'kingʹs' search
Punčo uses also the hard variant carovь.
inflection: hard adjectival
suffixes: possessive -ov-
tag: Amsnn
form: m.sg.nom
element 25
dependency: amod:poss→23