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sentence 108
í+ lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
siw´nь lemma: Sion 'Sihon'
form: m.sg.nom
crь lemma: car 'king, emperor'
form: m.sg.nom
daróva lemma: daruvam 'give a present'
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
tog'. lemma: tъ 'the'
form: m.sg.gen/acc
and King Sion gave presents to him
total elements: 5
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ROOT i sionъ crъ darova togъ
cc(i-2, darova-5)
nsubj(sionъ-3, darova-5)
appos(crъ-4, sionъ-3)
root(darova-5, ROOT)
obj(togъ-6, darova-5)í+
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 1
dependency: cc→4
siw´nь
sionъ
lemma: Sion 'Sihon' search
The king of Amorea in Numbers (21:23) and the Tale of Alexander the Elder.
inflection: o-stem noun
tag: Nmsny
form: m.sg.nom
element 2
dependency: nsubj→4
crь
crъ
lemma: car 'king, emperor' SJS search
OCS cěsarь, commonly shortened already in oldest texts.
Punčo uses old jo- (pl.nom cari) or monosyllabic stem endings (carove), but elsewhere we can seen also old i-stem endings (carie). Modern BG uses -e taken from other paradigms. The oscillation between i- and jo-stem is also reflected in modern CS grammars (cf. Bončev 1952:16, Mironova 2010:52).
inflection: jo-stem noun
tag: Nmsny
form: m.sg.nom
element 3
dependency: appos→2
daróva
darova
lemma: daruvam 'give a present' search
Punčo handles receivers of the presents usually as direct objects, using dependent forms (accusatives) without prepositions. The present itself is sometimes marked with the preposition s ʹwithʹ, e.g. da te daruvam sasъ mlogo dari ʹmay I give (to) you (lit. with or by) many presentsʹ. The construction can be also seen in the Tale of Alexander the Elder.
inflection: a-verb
suffixes: iterative -ova-
tag: Vmia3se
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
element 4
dependency: root→0
tog'.
togъ
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-msg
form: m.sg.gen/acc
element 5
dependency: obj→4