chapter view
sentence 49
ʾi lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
ʾizь lemma: iz 'from'
form: preposition
ʾw´čí+ lemma: oko 'eye'
form: n.dl.nom/acc
te+ lemma: tъ 'the'
form: pl.nom
mu lemma: toi 'he'
form: m.3sg.dat
slьzi lemma: sъlza 'tear'
form: f.pl.nom/acc
tečéxu lemma: teka 'flow'
form: 3pl.aor/impf (ipf)
katò lemma: kato 'as'
form: conjunction
gradь lemma: grad (2) 'hail (storm)'
form: m.sg.nom/acc
And from his eyes tears were flowing like a hailstorm.
total elements: 9
tree view (.svg)
linear view (Embedded brat):
view .conllu
ROOT i izъ oči te mu slъzi tečexu kato gradъ
cc(i-2, tečexu-8)
case(izъ-3, oči-4)
obl:abl(oči-4, tečexu-8)
det:p_nom(te-5, oči-4)
nmod:poss(mu-6, oči-4)
nsubj(slъzi-7, tečexu-8)
root(tečexu-8, ROOT)
mark(kato-9, gradъ-10)
acl(gradъ-10, slъzi-7)ʾi
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 1
dependency: cc→7
ʾizь
izъ
lemma: iz 'from' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
As a prefix, in CS /z/ is usually assimilated to voiceless consonants in the root onset; in Punčoʹs dialect, it is also often shortened to s- (e.g. skusen ʹexperiencedʹ).
tag: Sg
form: preposition
element 2
dependency: case→3
ʾw´čí+
oči
lemma: oko 'eye' search
The common plural form oči is tagged Nndnn - being originally the dual form (CS pl.nom was očesa - it was an s-stem).
inflection: o-stem noun
prefixes: circumlative ob-
tag: Nndnn
form: n.dl.nom/acc
element 3
dependency: obl:abl→7
te+
te
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd--pn
form: pl.nom
element 4
dependency: det:p_nom→3
mu
mu
lemma: toi 'he' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
Also used for m3sg personal pronoun based on the root *j-. Annotation of oblique forms: nego Pp3msg, nemu or mu Pp3msd, go Pp3msa
Punčo prefers on as the m.3sg.nom form.
inflection: nominal pronoun
suffixes: demonstrative -j-
tag: Pp3msd
form: m.3sg.dat
element 5
dependency: nmod:poss→3
slьzi
slъzi
lemma: sъlza 'tear' search
inflection: ā-stem noun
tag: Nfpnn
form: f.pl.nom/acc
element 6
dependency: nsubj→7
tečéxu
tečexu
lemma: teka 'flow' SJS LOVe search
inflection: e-verb
tag: Vmii3pi
form: 3pl.aor/impf (ipf)
element 7
dependency: root→0
katò
kato
lemma: kato 'as' search
suffixes: demonstrative -to
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 8
dependency: mark→9
gradь
gradъ
lemma: grad (2) 'hail (storm)' SJS search
inflection: monosyllabic noun
tag: Nmsnn
form: m.sg.nom/acc
element 9
dependency: acl→6