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sentence 381
► lemma: ► ''
form: residual
Za+ lemma: za 'for, about'
form: preposition
tógo lemma: tъ 'the'
form: m.sg.gen/acc
cr̃a lemma: car 'king, emperor'
form: m.sg.gen/acc.anim
šišmána lemma: Šišman 'Shishman'
form: m.sg.gen/acc.anim
ʾiwʾana lemma: Ioan 'John'
form: m.sg.gen/acc.anim
ne+ lemma: ne 'no, not'
form: negation particle
iméjutь lemma: imam 'have'
form: 3pl.prs (ipf)
ʾizvéstno lemma: izvesten 'famous'
form: n.sg.nom/acc
písano lemma: piša 'write'
form: n.sg.nom/acc
Zogr. 43: pisato (sic)
čto lemma: što 'what'
form: interrogative
Zogr. 43: čto s nimъ bilo
se lemma: se 'self'
form: refl.acc
sásь lemma: s 'with'
form: preposition
nego lemma: toi 'he'
form: m.3sg.gen/acc (long)
učinì lemma: učinja 'do'
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
Concerning that Emperor Ivan Shishman, there is no known written (evidence) of what happened with him.
total elements: 15
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ROOT ► za togo cra šišmana ioana ne imejutъ izvestno pisano čto se sasъ nego učini
punct(►-2, za-3)
case(za-3, cra-5)
det(togo-4, cra-5)
obl(cra-5, imejutъ-9)
appos(šišmana-6, cra-5)
appos(ioana-7, šišmana-6)
advmod(ne-8, imejutъ-9)
root(imejutъ-9, ROOT)
amod(izvestno-10, pisano-11)
obj(pisano-11, imejutъ-9)
mark(čto-12, učini-16)
expl(se-13, učini-16)
case(sasъ-14, nego-15)
obl(nego-15, učini-16)
acl(učini-16, pisano-11)►
►
tag: X
form: residual
element 1
dependency: punct→2
Za+
za
lemma: za 'for, about' search
tag: Sg
form: preposition
element 2
dependency: case→4
tógo
togo
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-msg
form: m.sg.gen/acc
element 3
dependency: det→4
cr̃a
cra
lemma: car 'king, emperor' SJS search
OCS cěsarь, commonly shortened already in oldest texts.
Punčo uses old jo- (pl.nom cari) or monosyllabic stem endings (carove), but elsewhere we can seen also old i-stem endings (carie). Modern BG uses -e taken from other paradigms. The oscillation between i- and jo-stem is also reflected in modern CS grammars (cf. Bončev 1952:16, Mironova 2010:52).
inflection: jo-stem noun
tag: Nmsgy
form: m.sg.gen/acc.anim
element 4
dependency: obl→8
šišmána
šišmana
lemma: Šišman 'Shishman' search
inflection: o-stem noun
tag: Nmsgy
form: m.sg.gen/acc.anim
element 5
dependency: appos→4
ʾiwʾana
ioana
lemma: Ioan 'John' search
inflection: o-stem noun
tag: Nmsgy
form: m.sg.gen/acc.anim
element 6
dependency: appos→5
ne+
ne
lemma: ne 'no, not' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: Qz
form: negation particle
element 7
dependency: advmod→8
iméjutь
imejutъ
lemma: imam 'have' SJS LOVe search
CS iměti (irregular ě-/a-verb: 1sg.prs imamь, 2sg imaši) or imati (an a-/je-verb: 1sg.prs emljǫ, 2sg emlješi, SJS - link). Punčo uses various 3pl.prs forms - e.g. in chapter 062a, sentences following each other show imutь, imajutь and imatь.
inflection: a-verb
tag: Vmip3pi
form: 3pl.prs (ipf)
element 8
dependency: root→0
ʾizvéstno
izvestno
lemma: izvesten 'famous' search
CS izvěstьnъ ʹfamous, known, certainʹ
inflection: hard adjectival
prefixes: ablative iz-
suffixes: relational -ьn-
tag: Ansnn
form: n.sg.nom/acc
element 9
dependency: amod→10
písano
pisano
lemma: piša 'write' SJS LOVe search
inflection: e-verb
tag: Ansnn
form: n.sg.nom/acc
element 10
dependency: obj→8
Zogr. 43: pisato (sic)
čto
čto
lemma: što 'what' search
Often used as relative pronoun (without the -to suffix) by Punčo. See čьto for etymology.
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Pq
form: interrogative
element 11
dependency: mark→15
Zogr. 43: čto s nimъ bilo
se
se
lemma: se 'self' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS sę. The lemma is used for all forms of the reflexive pronoun. Annotation: sebe Px---g, si (and CS sebě) Px---d, se (or sę) Px---a, soboju (or sobojǫ) Px---i.
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Px---a
form: refl.acc
element 12
dependency: expl→15
sásь
sasъ
lemma: s 'with' search
tag: Si
form: preposition
element 13
dependency: case→14
nego
nego
lemma: toi 'he' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
Also used for m3sg personal pronoun based on the root *j-. Annotation of oblique forms: nego Pp3msg, nemu or mu Pp3msd, go Pp3msa
Punčo prefers on as the m.3sg.nom form.
inflection: nominal pronoun
suffixes: demonstrative -j-
tag: Pp3msg
form: m.3sg.gen/acc (long)
element 14
dependency: obl→15
učinì
učini
lemma: učinja 'do' LOVe search
inflection: i-verb
prefixes: allative u-
tag: Vmia3se
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
element 15
dependency: acl→10