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sentence 334
bil͛+ lemma: sъm 'be'
form: l-ptcp (ipf)
Facing the invasion from 1388, Shishman retreated to well-fortified Nicopolis, fending off a siege, but losing control of most of the kingdom. The city fell during the Bayazid's invasion in 1393.
se lemma: se 'self'
form: refl.acc
cr̃ь lemma: car 'king, emperor'
form: m.sg.nom
ší_šmánь lemma: Šišman 'Shishman'
form: m.sg.nom
mlógo lemma: mnogo 'much'
form: adverb
vréme lemma: vreme 'time, weather'
form: n.sg.nom/acc
sasь lemma: s 'with'
form: preposition
tur͛_ci lemma: turčin 'Turk'
form: m.pl.nom
ʾizь lemma: iz 'from'
form: preposition
gráda lemma: grad 'city'
form: m.sg.gen
trь´nova lemma: Tъrnov 'Tarnovo'
form: n.sg.gen
ʾi lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
po+ lemma: po 'after, along, according to'
form: preposition
klí_suri lemma: klisura 'ravine, gorge'
form: f.pl.nom/acc
ʾi lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
po lemma: po 'after, along, according to'
form: preposition
tvrь´di lemma: tvъrd 'hard'
form: pl
mésta lemma: město 'place'
form: n.pl.nom/acc
razlí_čni lemma: različen 'different'
form: pl
Emperor Shishman fought for a long time
total elements: 19
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ROOT bilъ se crъ šišmanъ mlogo vreme sasъ turъci izъ grada trъnova i po klisuri i po tvrъdi mesta različni
root:prf(bilъ-2, ROOT)
expl(se-3, bilъ-2)
nsubj(crъ-4, bilъ-2)
appos(šišmanъ-5, crъ-4)
amod(mlogo-6, vreme-7)
obl(vreme-7, bilъ-2)
case(sasъ-8, turъci-9)
obl(turъci-9, bilъ-2)
case(izъ-10, grada-11)
obl(grada-11, bilъ-2)
appos(trъnova-12, grada-11)
cc(i-13, klisuri-15)
case(po-14, klisuri-15)
conj(klisuri-15, grada-11)
cc(i-16, mesta-19)
case(po-17, mesta-19)
amod(tvrъdi-18, mesta-19)
conj(mesta-19, klisuri-15)
amod(različni-20, mesta-19)bil͛+
bilъ
lemma: sъm 'be' SJS LOVe search
Used for most forms of the ʹbeʹ verb, including the (CS) infinitive byti, and excluding only perfective forms based on present stem bъda. In OCS, bъda is used also for the infinitive and other forms based on the aorist stem.
inflection: athematic
tag: Vmp--si
form: l-ptcp (ipf)
element 1
dependency: root:prf→0
Facing the invasion from 1388, Shishman retreated to well-fortified Nicopolis, fending off a siege, but losing control of most of the kingdom. The city fell during the Bayazid's invasion in 1393.
se
se
lemma: se 'self' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS sę. The lemma is used for all forms of the reflexive pronoun. Annotation: sebe Px---g, si (and CS sebě) Px---d, se (or sę) Px---a, soboju (or sobojǫ) Px---i.
inflection: nominal pronoun
tag: Px---a
form: refl.acc
element 2
dependency: expl→1
cr̃ь
crъ
lemma: car 'king, emperor' SJS search
OCS cěsarь, commonly shortened already in oldest texts.
Punčo uses old jo- (pl.nom cari) or monosyllabic stem endings (carove), but elsewhere we can seen also old i-stem endings (carie). Modern BG uses -e taken from other paradigms. The oscillation between i- and jo-stem is also reflected in modern CS grammars (cf. Bončev 1952:16, Mironova 2010:52).
inflection: jo-stem noun
tag: Nmsny
form: m.sg.nom
element 3
dependency: nsubj→1
ší_šmánь
šišmanъ
lemma: Šišman 'Shishman' search
inflection: o-stem noun
tag: Nmsny
form: m.sg.nom
element 4
dependency: appos→3
mlógo
mlogo
lemma: mnogo 'much' LOVe search
tag: R
form: adverb
element 5
dependency: amod→6
vréme
vreme
lemma: vreme 'time, weather' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS vrěmę
inflection: n-stem noun
tag: Nnsnn
form: n.sg.nom/acc
element 6
dependency: obl→1
sasь
sasъ
lemma: s 'with' search
tag: Si
form: preposition
element 7
dependency: case→8
tur͛_ci
turъci
lemma: turčin 'Turk' search
inflection: ethno-stem noun
suffixes: singulative -inъ
tag: Nmpny
form: m.pl.nom
element 8
dependency: obl→1
ʾizь
izъ
lemma: iz 'from' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
As a prefix, in CS /z/ is usually assimilated to voiceless consonants in the root onset; in Punčoʹs dialect, it is also often shortened to s- (e.g. skusen ʹexperiencedʹ).
tag: Sg
form: preposition
element 9
dependency: case→10
gráda
grada
lemma: grad 'city' SJS search
inflection: monosyllabic noun
tag: Nmsgn
form: m.sg.gen
element 10
dependency: obl→1
trь´nova
trъnova
lemma: Tъrnov 'Tarnovo' search
Or Tъrnovo, capital of the Second Bulgarian Empire.
inflection: o-stem noun
suffixes: possessive -ov-
tag: Nnsgn
form: n.sg.gen
element 11
dependency: appos→10
ʾi
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 12
dependency: cc→14
po+
po
lemma: po 'after, along, according to' search
tag: Sd
form: preposition
element 13
dependency: case→14
klí_suri
klisuri
lemma: klisura 'ravine, gorge' search
inflection: ā-stem noun
tag: Nfpnn
form: f.pl.nom/acc
element 14
dependency: conj→10
ʾi
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 15
dependency: cc→18
po
po
lemma: po 'after, along, according to' search
tag: Sd
form: preposition
element 16
dependency: case→18
tvrь´di
tvrъdi
lemma: tvъrd 'hard' LOVe search
inflection: hard adjectival
tag: A-pnn
form: pl
element 17
dependency: amod→18
mésta
mesta
lemma: město 'place' search
inflection: o-stem noun
tag: Nnpnn
form: n.pl.nom/acc
element 18
dependency: conj→14
razlí_čni
različni
lemma: različen 'different' search
inflection: hard adjectival
prefixes: distributive raz-
suffixes: relational -ьn-
tag: A-pnn
form: pl
element 19
dependency: amod→18