chapter view
sentence 71
ʾi+ lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
vidóxu lemma: vidja 'see'
form: 3pl.aor (pf)
cr̃ove+ lemma: car 'king, emperor'
form: m.pl.nom
te lemma: tъ 'the'
form: m.pl.nom
tovà lemma: tova 'that'
form: n.sg.nom
čudo: lemma: čudo 'miracle'
form: n.sg.nom/acc
ѳeofánovo lemma: Teofanov 'of Theophanes'
form: n.sg.nom/acc
And the Emperors saw this miracle of Theophanes
total elements: 7
tree view (.svg)
linear view (Embedded brat):
view .conllu
ROOT i vidoxu crove te tova čudo ѳeofanovo
cc(i-2, vidoxu-3)
root(vidoxu-3, ROOT)
nsubj(crove-4, vidoxu-3)
det:p_nom(te-5, crove-4)
det:ext(tova-6, čudo-7)
obj(čudo-7, vidoxu-3)
amod:poss(ѳeofanovo-8, čudo-7)ʾi+
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 1
dependency: cc→2
vidóxu
vidoxu
lemma: vidja 'see' SJS LOVe search
BG vidja ʹseeʹ is perfective, with viždam as its imperfective counterpart. Punčo uses only the first stem (1sg.prs vidim), which seems to cover both aspects (e.g. both in present and aorist tenses). Biaspectual in SJS.
inflection: i-verb
suffixes: stative -ě-
tag: Vmia3pe
form: 3pl.aor (pf)
element 2
dependency: root→0
cr̃ove+
crove
lemma: car 'king, emperor' SJS search
OCS cěsarь, commonly shortened already in oldest texts.
Punčo uses old jo- (pl.nom cari) or monosyllabic stem endings (carove), but elsewhere we can seen also old i-stem endings (carie). Modern BG uses -e taken from other paradigms. The oscillation between i- and jo-stem is also reflected in modern CS grammars (cf. Bončev 1952:16, Mironova 2010:52).
inflection: jo-stem noun
tag: Nmpny
form: m.pl.nom
element 3
dependency: nsubj→2
te
te
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-mpn
form: m.pl.nom
element 4
dependency: det:p_nom→3
tovà
tova
lemma: tova 'that' search
The basic form reflects n.sg.nom, but the lemma also covers m.sg oblique forms togova (Pd-msg) and tomuva (Pd-msd).
inflection: hard stem pronominal
suffixes: demonstrative -va
tag: Pd-nsn
form: n.sg.nom
element 5
dependency: det:ext→6
čudo:
čudo
lemma: čudo 'miracle' search
Commonly written čjudo in CS and older sources. Punčo prefers spelling čudo, and also uses it in the more general meaning ʹstoryʹ, not necessarily miraculous.
inflection: s-stem noun
tag: Nnsnn
form: n.sg.nom/acc
element 6
dependency: obj→2
ѳeofánovo
ѳeofanovo
lemma: Teofanov 'of Theophanes' search
inflection: hard adjectival
suffixes: possessive -ov-
tag: Ansnn
form: n.sg.nom/acc
element 7
dependency: amod:poss→6