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sentence 49
ʾi+ lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
sasь lemma: s 'with'
form: preposition
síla+ lemma: sila 'power'
form: f.sg.nom
ta lemma: tъ 'the'
form: f.sg.nom
čt͒nomu lemma: česten 'true, honorable'
form: m.sg.dat.pron
kr͒tu lemma: krъst 'cross'
form: m.sg.dat
nádvi lemma: nadvija 'defeat'
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
cr̃ь lemma: car 'king, emperor'
form: m.sg.nom
maѯéntïi: lemma: Maksentii 'Maxentius'
form: m.sg.nom
alt.analysis: f.sg.dat/loc
And with the power of the True Cross, the Emperor defeated Maxentius.
total elements: 9
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ROOT i sasъ sila ta čtnomu krtu nadvi crъ maѯentii
cc(i-2, nadvi-8)
case(sasъ-3, sila-4)
obl(sila-4, nadvi-8)
det:p_nom(ta-5, sila-4)
amod(čtnomu-6, krtu-7)
nmod:poss(krtu-7, sila-4)
root(nadvi-8, ROOT)
nsubj(crъ-9, nadvi-8)
obl:iobj(maѯentii-10, nadvi-8)ʾi+
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 1
dependency: cc→7
sasь
sasъ
lemma: s 'with' search
tag: Si
form: preposition
element 2
dependency: case→3
síla+
sila
lemma: sila 'power' search
inflection: ā-stem noun
tag: Nfsnn
form: f.sg.nom
element 3
dependency: obl→7
ta
ta
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-fsn
form: f.sg.nom
element 4
dependency: det:p_nom→3
čt͒nomu
čtnomu
lemma: česten 'true, honorable' search
CS čьstьnъ
inflection: hard adjectival
suffixes: relational -ьn-
tag: Amsdy
form: m.sg.dat.pron
element 5
dependency: amod→6
kr͒tu
krtu
lemma: krъst 'cross' SJS search
inflection: monosyllabic noun
tag: Nmsdn
form: m.sg.dat
element 6
dependency: nmod:poss→3
nádvi
nadvi
lemma: nadvija 'defeat' LOVe search
Object usually in dative (e.g. crь mu nadvi ʹthe emperor defeated himʹ).
inflection: e-verb
prefixes: superlative nadъ-
tag: Vmia3se
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
element 7
dependency: root→0
cr̃ь
crъ
lemma: car 'king, emperor' SJS search
OCS cěsarь, commonly shortened already in oldest texts.
Punčo uses old jo- (pl.nom cari) or monosyllabic stem endings (carove), but elsewhere we can seen also old i-stem endings (carie). Modern BG uses -e taken from other paradigms. The oscillation between i- and jo-stem is also reflected in modern CS grammars (cf. Bončev 1952:16, Mironova 2010:52).
inflection: jo-stem noun
tag: Nmsny
form: m.sg.nom
element 8
dependency: nsubj→7
maѯéntïi:
maѯentii
lemma: Maksentii 'Maxentius' search
An emperor of Rome, son of Maximian. Ruled in Italy and North Africa in 306-312, until he was defeated by Constantine the Great.
inflection: new i-stem noun
tag: Nmsny or Nfsdy
form: m.sg.nom or f.sg.dat/loc
element 9
dependency: obl:iobj→7