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sentence 42
ʾi+ lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
tova lemma: tova 'that'
form: n.sg.nom
kaza_xa lemma: kaža 'tell, show'
form: 3pl.aor/impf (pf)
alt.analysis: 3pl.aor (pf)
vóĭne+ lemma: voin 'warrior'
form: m.pl.nom
te lemma: tъ 'the'
form: m.pl.nom
cr̃u lemma: car 'king, emperor'
form: m.sg.voc
And the soldiers told it to the king
total elements: 6
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ROOT i tova kazaxa voine te cru
cc(i-2, kazaxa-4)
obj(tova-3, kazaxa-4)
root(kazaxa-4, ROOT)
nsubj(voine-5, kazaxa-4)
det:p_nom(te-6, voine-5)
obl:iobj(cru-7, kazaxa-4)ʾi+
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 1
dependency: cc→3
tova
tova
lemma: tova 'that' search
The basic form reflects n.sg.nom, but the lemma also covers m.sg oblique forms togova (Pd-msg) and tomuva (Pd-msd).
inflection: hard stem pronominal
suffixes: demonstrative -va
tag: Pd-nsn
form: n.sg.nom
element 2
dependency: obj→3
kaza_xa
kazaxa
lemma: kaža 'tell, show' SJS LOVe search
CS kazati, 1sg.prs kažǫ, 2sg kažeši (ipf.)
inflection: e-verb
tag: Vmii3pe or Vmia3pe
form: 3pl.aor/impf (pf) or 3pl.aor (pf)
element 3
dependency: root→0
vóĭne+
voine
lemma: voin 'warrior' search
Punčo prefers voine as the pl. form.
inflection: jo-stem noun
suffixes: singulative -inъ
tag: Nmpny
form: m.pl.nom
element 4
dependency: nsubj→3
te
te
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-mpn
form: m.pl.nom
element 5
dependency: det:p_nom→4
cr̃u
cru
lemma: car 'king, emperor' SJS search
OCS cěsarь, commonly shortened already in oldest texts.
Punčo uses old jo- (pl.nom cari) or monosyllabic stem endings (carove), but elsewhere we can seen also old i-stem endings (carie). Modern BG uses -e taken from other paradigms. The oscillation between i- and jo-stem is also reflected in modern CS grammars (cf. Bončev 1952:16, Mironova 2010:52).
inflection: jo-stem noun
tag: Nmsvy
form: m.sg.voc
element 6
dependency: obl:iobj→3