chapter view
sentence 18
ʾi+ lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
zanésoxa lemma: zanesa 'bring'
form: 3pl.aor/impf (pf)
xr̃ьtiʾjá+ lemma: xartija 'paper'
form: f.sg.acc
ta lemma: tъ 'the'
form: f.sg.nom
prì lemma: pri 'by'
form: preposition
cr̃a lemma: car 'king, emperor'
form: m.sg.gen/acc.anim
and they brought the paper to the Emperor.
total elements: 6
tree view (.svg)
linear view (Embedded brat):
view .conllu
ROOT i zanesoxa xrъtija ta pri cra
cc(i-2, zanesoxa-3)
root(zanesoxa-3, ROOT)
obj(xrъtija-4, zanesoxa-3)
det:p_nom(ta-5, xrъtija-4)
case(pri-6, cra-7)
obl:lat(cra-7, zanesoxa-3)ʾi+
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 1
dependency: cc→2
zanésoxa
zanesoxa
lemma: zanesa 'bring' LOVe search
inflection: e-verb
prefixes: postlative za-
tag: Vmii3pe
form: 3pl.aor/impf (pf)
element 2
dependency: root→0
xr̃ьtiʾjá+
xrъtija
lemma: xartija 'paper' search
inflection: jā-stem noun
tag: Nfsan
form: f.sg.acc
element 3
dependency: obj→2
ta
ta
lemma: tъ 'the' search
Lemma used to mark the definite suffix/article.
Sg. forms are recognized, when following adjectives or nouns: tъ Pd-msn, ta Pd-fsn, to Pd-nsn
The plural form te is used for all genders, so the tag reflects either the head noun (if it is masc. - Pd-mpn - or fem. - Pd-fpn) or remains empty (if neut., e.g. izъ oči+te ʹfrom the eyesʹ: Pd--pn). The form ta, if following a plural, is tagged as Pd-npn
The gender of oblique articles like togo is tagged in a similar way, e.g. ta rasrъdi cra togo ʹand he angered the kingʹ: Pd-msg, while if there is no noun, it remains empty, e.g. in CS phrase togo radi ʹbecause of thatʹ: Pd--sg
In CS texts (rarely in PPS too), the root tъ is also used for personal pronouns. If such forms can be syntactically distinguished (i.e. if they precede the head, or do not agree with it in case, gender and number), they are tagged as personal pronouns, e.g. toę oči ʹher eyesʹ: Pp3fsg
The shortened form of the article -o, frequently used by Punčo, is not separated from the preceding token, but rather handled as a quasi-case, e.g. stolʹpo ʹthe pillarʹ: Nmson
inflection: hard stem pronominal
tag: Pd-fsn
form: f.sg.nom
element 4
dependency: det:p_nom→3
prì
pri
lemma: pri 'by' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: Sa
form: preposition
element 5
dependency: case→6
cr̃a
cra
lemma: car 'king, emperor' SJS search
OCS cěsarь, commonly shortened already in oldest texts.
Punčo uses old jo- (pl.nom cari) or monosyllabic stem endings (carove), but elsewhere we can seen also old i-stem endings (carie). Modern BG uses -e taken from other paradigms. The oscillation between i- and jo-stem is also reflected in modern CS grammars (cf. Bončev 1952:16, Mironova 2010:52).
inflection: jo-stem noun
tag: Nmsgy
form: m.sg.gen/acc.anim
element 6
dependency: obl:lat→2