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sentence 111
ʾi+ lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
kogì lemma: kogi 'when'
form: interrogative
vidè lemma: vidja 'see'
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
tovà lemma: tova 'that'
form: n.sg.nom
cr̃ь lemma: car 'king, emperor'
form: m.sg.nom
and as the king saw it
ʾi+ lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
razumè lemma: razumeja 'understand'
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
zaštò lemma: zašto 'for'
form: interrogative
toʾjá lemma: toja 'that'
form: m.sg.nom
čl͂vekь lemma: človek 'human'
form: m.sg.nom
sь´vь lemma: sve 'all'
form: m.sg.nom
st̃ь lemma: svęt 'saint'
form: m.sg.nom
drьžì lemma: dъrža 'hold'
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
he understood that this man holds the whole world (in his power)
ʾi+ lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
što_tó+ lemma: štoto 'which'
form: relative
e lemma: sъm 'be'
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
napravílь lemma: napravja 'make'
form: l-ptcp (pf)
nb̃o lemma: nebe 'heaven, sky'
form: n.sg.nom/acc
ʾi+ lemma: i 'and'
form: conjunction
zémlju lemma: zemlja 'land, earth'
form: f.sg.acc
(as he) created the heavens and the earth
total elements: 20
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ROOT i kogi vide tova crъ i razume zašto toja člvekъ sъvъ stъ drъži i štoto e napravilъ nbo i zemlju
cc(i-2, razume-8)
mark(kogi-3, vide-4)
advcl(vide-4, razume-8)
obj(tova-5, vide-4)
nsubj(crъ-6, vide-4)
cc(i-7, razume-8)
root(razume-8, ROOT)
mark(zašto-9, drъži-14)
det:ext(toja-10, člvekъ-11)
nsubj(člvekъ-11, drъži-14)
amod(sъvъ-12, stъ-13)
obj(stъ-13, drъži-14)
advcl(drъži-14, razume-8)
cc(i-15, napravilъ-18)
mark(štoto-16, napravilъ-18)
aux:prf(e-17, napravilъ-18)
acl(napravilъ-18, člvekъ-11)
obj(nbo-19, napravilъ-18)
cc(i-20, zemlju-21)
conj(zemlju-21, nbo-19)ʾi+
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 1
dependency: cc→7
kogì
kogi
lemma: kogi 'when' search
A dialectal variant of koga (cf. BAN II 515). Also attested in the Legend of Troy (spelled kogy).
tag: Pq
form: interrogative
element 2
dependency: mark→3
vidè
vide
lemma: vidja 'see' SJS LOVe search
BG vidja ʹseeʹ is perfective, with viždam as its imperfective counterpart. Punčo uses only the first stem (1sg.prs vidim), which seems to cover both aspects (e.g. both in present and aorist tenses). Biaspectual in SJS.
inflection: i-verb
suffixes: stative -ě-
tag: Vmia3se
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
element 3
dependency: advcl→7
tovà
tova
lemma: tova 'that' search
The basic form reflects n.sg.nom, but the lemma also covers m.sg oblique forms togova (Pd-msg) and tomuva (Pd-msd).
inflection: hard stem pronominal
suffixes: demonstrative -va
tag: Pd-nsn
form: n.sg.nom
element 4
dependency: obj→3
cr̃ь
crъ
lemma: car 'king, emperor' SJS search
OCS cěsarь, commonly shortened already in oldest texts.
Punčo uses old jo- (pl.nom cari) or monosyllabic stem endings (carove), but elsewhere we can seen also old i-stem endings (carie). Modern BG uses -e taken from other paradigms. The oscillation between i- and jo-stem is also reflected in modern CS grammars (cf. Bončev 1952:16, Mironova 2010:52).
inflection: jo-stem noun
tag: Nmsny
form: m.sg.nom
element 5
dependency: nsubj→3
ʾi+
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 6
dependency: cc→7
razumè
razume
lemma: razumeja 'understand' SJS SNSP Miklosich LOVe search
Biaspectual in SJS.
inflection: e-verb
prefixes: distributive raz-
suffixes: stative -ě-
tag: Vmia3se
form: 2/3sg.aor (pf)
element 7
dependency: root→0
zaštò
zašto
lemma: zašto 'for' search
Used commonly with the relative meaning of zaštoto. Could be also analyzed as an interrogative pronoun. Sometimes, Paisius (and Punčo) uses it in the consequent meaning ʹthatʹ - like što or če. See čto for etymology.
suffixes: demonstrative -to
tag: Pq
form: interrogative
element 8
dependency: mark→13
toʾjá
toja
lemma: toja 'that' search
The basic form reflects m.sg.nom, but the lemma also covers f.sg.nom taja (Pd-fsn), f.sg.acc tuju (Pd-fsa) and pl.nom tija (Pd--pa).
inflection: hard stem pronominal
suffixes: demonstrative -j-
tag: Pd-msn
form: m.sg.nom
element 9
dependency: det:ext→10
čl͂vekь
člvekъ
lemma: človek 'human' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS člověkъ, BG čovek. The initial čl- is common in the damaskini and Punčoʹs Sbornik. As in CS, it is commonly abbreviated as člkъ.
inflection: o-stem noun
tag: Nmsny
form: m.sg.nom
element 10
dependency: nsubj→13
sь´vь
sъvъ
lemma: sve 'all' search
A dialectal variant of vse, preferred by Punčo. The n.sg form chosen, as the lemma is often used as a N (ʹeverythingʹ) or R (ʹfullyʹ).
inflection: mixed pronominal
tag: Amsnn
form: m.sg.nom
element 11
dependency: amod→12
st̃ь
stъ
lemma: svęt 'saint' LOVe search
inflection: hard adjectival
tag: Amsnn
form: m.sg.nom
element 12
dependency: obj→13
drьžì
drъži
lemma: dъrža 'hold' LOVe search
inflection: i-verb
tag: Vmip3si
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
element 13
dependency: advcl→7
ʾi+
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 14
dependency: cc→17
što_tó+
štoto
lemma: štoto 'which' search
suffixes: demonstrative -to
tag: Pr
form: relative
element 15
dependency: mark→17
e
e
lemma: sъm 'be' SJS LOVe search
Used for most forms of the ʹbeʹ verb, including the (CS) infinitive byti, and excluding only perfective forms based on present stem bъda. In OCS, bъda is used also for the infinitive and other forms based on the aorist stem.
inflection: athematic
tag: Vaip3si
form: 3sg.prs (ipf)
element 16
dependency: aux:prf→17
napravílь
napravilъ
lemma: napravja 'make' LOVe search
inflection: i-verb
prefixes: additive na-
tag: Vmp--se
form: l-ptcp (pf)
element 17
dependency: acl→10
nb̃o
nbo
lemma: nebe 'heaven, sky' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS nebo, sg.gen nebese. Later CS sources commonly show locative forms, but not so much the OCS na nebese (or pl. -esьxъ), as nebesi (jo-stem sg.) or nebesěxъ (o-stem pl.), which are found in Punčoʹs text too. O-stem forms like sg.dat nbu are also common.
inflection: s-stem noun
tag: Nnsnn
form: n.sg.nom/acc
element 18
dependency: obj→17
ʾi+
i
lemma: i 'and' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
tag: C
form: conjunction
element 19
dependency: cc→20
zémlju
zemlju
lemma: zemlja 'land, earth' SJS SNSP Miklosich search
CS variant of BG zemja. Used if the epenthetic /l/ is written (as preferred by Punčo).
inflection: jā-stem noun
tag: Nfsan
form: f.sg.acc
element 20
dependency: conj→18